महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-93

ते भग्नाः प्रपतन्तश्च निघ्नन्तश्च परस्परम् ।
न्यपातयन्त च परान्पातयित्वा तथापिषन् ॥९३॥

93. te bhagnāḥ prapatantaśca nighnantaśca parasparam ,
nyapātayanta ca parānpātayitvā tathāpiṣan.

93. te bhagnāḥ prapatantaḥ ca nighnantaḥ ca parasparam
nyapātayanta ca parān pātayitvā tathā apiṣan

93. te bhagnāḥ prapatantaḥ ca parasparam nighnantaḥ
ca parān nyapātayanta ca pātayitvā tathā apiṣan

93. Those who were routed fell down, striking one another. They also caused others to fall and, having made them fall, they similarly crushed them.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered, defeated, routed

• प्रपतन्तः (prapatantaḥ) - falling down

• च (ca) - and, also

• निघ्नन्तः (nighnantaḥ) - striking, killing, hitting

• च (ca) - and, also

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

• न्यपातयन्त (nyapātayanta) - they caused to fall, they threw down

• च (ca) - and, also

• परान् (parān) - others, adversaries

• पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• अपिषन् (apiṣan) - they crushed, they ground

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the routed soldiers.

भग्नाः (bhagnāḥ) - broken, shattered, defeated, routed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, defeated, routed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhrañj (to break) + kta suffix

Root: bhranj (class 7)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'te'.

प्रपतन्तः (prapatantaḥ) - falling down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prapatat

prapatat - falling down

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with upasarga pra-, + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'te'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निघ्नन्तः (nighnantaḥ) - striking, killing, hitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni-, + śatṛ suffix. Root han undergoes guṇa and changes to ghnā in present stem.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'te'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

न्यपातयन्त (nyapātayanta) - they caused to fall, they threw down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative

From root pat (to fall) with upasarga ni-, conjugated in causative imperfect form (nyapātayat)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Root ni-pat, causative.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परान् (parān) - others, adversaries

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy

Note: Object of 'nyapātayanta' and 'apiṣan'.

पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root pat (to fall) in causative form (pātayati) + ktvā suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'apiṣan'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

अपिषन् (apiṣan) - they crushed, they ground

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of piṣ

From root piṣ (to crush), conjugated in imperfect tense

Root: piṣ (class 7)

Note: Root piṣ.