महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-15

स बुद्ध्वा चरणस्पर्शमुत्थाय रणदुर्मदः ।
अभ्यजानदमेयात्मा द्रोणपुत्रं महारथम् ॥१५॥

15. sa buddhvā caraṇasparśamutthāya raṇadurmadaḥ ,
abhyajānadameyātmā droṇaputraṁ mahāratham.

15. saḥ buddhvā caraṇasparśam utthāya raṇadurmadaḥ
abhyajānāt ameyātmā droṇaputram mahāratham

15. saḥ raṇadurmadaḥ ameyātmā caraṇasparśam buddhvā
utthāya droṇaputram mahāratham abhyajānāt

15. Having perceived the touch of a foot and having risen, he, whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable and who was fierce in battle, recognized Drona's son, the great chariot-warrior.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kṛpa) (he, that)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having perceived (having known, having understood, having perceived)

• चरणस्पर्शम् (caraṇasparśam) - the touch of a foot (referring to the disrespectful act) (the touch of a foot)

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen from the bed (having risen, having stood up)

• रणदुर्मदः (raṇadurmadaḥ) - fierce and proud in battle (maddened by battle, fierce in battle)

• अभ्यजानात् (abhyajānāt) - he recognized (Aśvatthāmā) (he recognized, he knew)

• अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - he whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable (of immeasurable self/spirit (ātman), having an immeasurable soul)

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Aśvatthāmā) (Drona's son)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot-warrior (great chariot-warrior, great hero)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Kṛpa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having perceived (having known, having understood, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

चरणस्पर्शम् (caraṇasparśam) - the touch of a foot (referring to the disrespectful act) (the touch of a foot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caraṇasparśa

caraṇasparśa - touch of a foot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (caraṇa+sparśa)

• caraṇa – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)
  Root: car (class 1)
• sparśa – touch, contact
  noun (masculine)
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen from the bed (having risen, having stood up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

रणदुर्मदः (raṇadurmadaḥ) - fierce and proud in battle (maddened by battle, fierce in battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇadurmada

raṇadurmada - intoxicated with battle, fierce in war, proud in combat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+durmada)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• durmada – hard to subdue, haughty, arrogant, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)

अभ्यजानात् (abhyajānāt) - he recognized (Aśvatthāmā) (he recognized, he knew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhijñā

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice. Root √jñā (to know) with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - he whose spirit (ātman) was immeasurable (of immeasurable self/spirit (ātman), having an immeasurable soul)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ameyātman

ameyātman - of immeasurable soul, having an incomprehensible self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ameya+ātman)

• ameya – immeasurable, incomprehensible, boundless
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √mā (to measure) with prefix a (negation)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Aśvatthāmā) (Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot-warrior (great chariot-warrior, great hero)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot-warrior, warrior fighting from a great chariot, a great hero

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)