महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-118

ब्रह्मण्यः सत्यवाग्दान्तः सर्वभूतानुकम्पकः ।
न च सुप्तं प्रमत्तं वा न्यस्तशस्त्रं कृताञ्जलिम् ।
धावन्तं मुक्तकेशं वा हन्ति पार्थो धनंजयः ॥११८॥

118. brahmaṇyaḥ satyavāgdāntaḥ sarvabhūtānukampakaḥ ,
na ca suptaṁ pramattaṁ vā nyastaśastraṁ kṛtāñjalim ,
dhāvantaṁ muktakeśaṁ vā hanti pārtho dhanaṁjayaḥ.

118. brahmaṇyaḥ satyavāk dāntaḥ sarvabhūtānukampakaḥ
na ca suptam pramattam vā
nyastaśastram kṛtāñjalim dhāvantam
muktakeśam vā hanti pārthaḥ dhanañjayaḥ

118. pārthaḥ dhanañjayaḥ brahmaṇyaḥ satyavāk dāntaḥ sarvabhūtānukampakaḥ (asti).
ca saḥ suptam vā pramattam nyastaśastram kṛtāñjalim dhāvantam vā muktakeśam na hanti

118. Partha (Arjuna) Dhananjaya is devoted to the Absolute (brahman), truthful in speech, self-controlled, and compassionate to all beings. He does not kill one who is asleep, heedless, has laid down their weapons, has folded hands (in supplication), is fleeing, or has disheveled hair.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted to the Absolute (brahman) (devoted to Brahmins, devoted to the Absolute (brahman))

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech, speaking truth

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued

• सर्वभूतानुकम्पकः (sarvabhūtānukampakaḥ) - compassionate to all beings

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुप्तम् (suptam) - asleep, sleeping

• प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - heedless, careless, intoxicated

• वा (vā) - or, either

• न्यस्तशस्त्रम् (nyastaśastram) - one who has laid down weapons

• कृताञ्जलिम् (kṛtāñjalim) - one who has folded hands (in supplication)

• धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - fleeing, running

• मुक्तकेशम् (muktakeśam) - one with disheveled hair

• वा (vā) - or, either

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, destroys

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted to the Absolute (brahman) (devoted to Brahmins, devoted to the Absolute (brahman))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmaṇya

brahmaṇya - devoted to Brahmins or sacred knowledge, pious, devoted to the Absolute (brahman)

Derived from brahman + ya suffix (sense of belonging/devotion)

Note: Qualifies Partha Dhananjaya.

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech, speaking truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - speaking truth, truthful in speech

Compound of satya (truth) + vāc (speech)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Partha Dhananjaya.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, tamed

Past Passive Participle

From root dam (to tame, control) + kta suffix

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Partha Dhananjaya.

सर्वभूतानुकम्पकः (sarvabhūtānukampakaḥ) - compassionate to all beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtānukampaka

sarvabhūtānukampaka - having compassion for all beings

Agent noun

Compound of sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + anukampaka (compassionate, from anu-kamp with ṇvul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+bhūta+anukampaka)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū + kta suffix
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• anukampaka – compassionate, pitying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From prefix anu + root kamp + ṇvul suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Partha Dhananjaya.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुप्तम् (suptam) - asleep, sleeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, dormant

Past Passive Participle

From root svap (to sleep) + kta suffix

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - heedless, careless, intoxicated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - heedless, careless, intoxicated, mad

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root mad (to be mad, intoxicated) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

न्यस्तशस्त्रम् (nyastaśastram) - one who has laid down weapons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyastaśastra

nyastaśastra - having laid down weapons

Compound of nyasta (laid down) + śastra (weapon)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nyasta+śastra)

• nyasta – laid down, placed, thrown
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ni + root as (to throw, to place) + kta suffix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

कृताञ्जलिम् (kṛtāñjalim) - one who has folded hands (in supplication)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtāñjali

kṛtāñjali - having folded hands, showing reverence, supplicating

Compound of kṛta (done) + añjali (folded hands)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+añjali)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make) + kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• añjali – folded hands, offering, reverence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

धावन्तम् (dhāvantam) - fleeing, running

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhāvat

dhāvat - running, fleeing, flowing

Present Active Participle

From root dhāv (to run) + śatṛ suffix

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

मुक्तकेशम् (muktakeśam) - one with disheveled hair

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muktakeśa

muktakeśa - having disheveled or loose hair

Compound of mukta (released) + keśa (hair)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+keśa)

• mukta – released, set free, loosened
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root muc (to release) + kta suffix
  Root: muc (class 6)
• keśa – hair (of the head)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, strikes, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Verb for Partha Dhananjaya.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Patronymic derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix

Note: Subject of 'hanti'.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna, fire

Compound of dhana (wealth) + jaya (conquering)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root ji + ac suffix
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'hanti'.