महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-50

ततः स नरशार्दूलः प्रतिविन्ध्यं तमाहवे ।
कुक्षिदेशेऽवधीद्राजन्स हतो न्यपतद्भुवि ॥५०॥

50. tataḥ sa naraśārdūlaḥ prativindhyaṁ tamāhave ,
kukṣideśe'vadhīdrājansa hato nyapatadbhuvi.

50. tataḥ saḥ naraśārdūlaḥ prativindhyam tam āhave
kukṣideśe avadhīt rājan saḥ hataḥ nyapatat bhuvi

50. rājan tataḥ saḥ naraśārdūlaḥ āhave tam prativindhyam
kukṣideśe avadhīt saḥ hataḥ bhuvi nyapatat

50. O king, then that foremost among men struck down Prativindhya in battle, hitting him in the stomach region. Having been slain, he fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the powerful warrior from the previous verse) (he, that)

• नरशार्दूलः (naraśārdūlaḥ) - that foremost among men (Ashvatthama) (tiger among men, best of men, foremost of men)

• प्रतिविन्ध्यम् (prativindhyam) - Prativindhya (Prativindhya (name of one of Draupadī's sons))

• तम् (tam) - him (Prativindhya) (him, that)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• कुक्षिदेशे (kukṣideśe) - in the stomach region (in the region of the belly/flank)

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he struck down (he killed, he struck down)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Prativindhya) (he, that)

• हतः (hataḥ) - having been slain (struck, killed, slain)

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - he fell to the ground (he fell down, he descended)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative derivative of 'tad' (that).

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the powerful warrior from the previous verse) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नरशार्दूलः (naraśārdūlaḥ) - that foremost among men (Ashvatthama) (tiger among men, best of men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of (used as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the powerful warrior, Ashvatthama.

प्रतिविन्ध्यम् (prativindhyam) - Prativindhya (Prativindhya (name of one of Draupadī's sons))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prativindhya

prativindhya - Prativindhya (eldest son of Draupadī and Yudhiṣṭhira)

Note: Object of 'avadhīt'.

तम् (tam) - him (Prativindhya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Prativindhya, emphasizing the direct object.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From prefix 'ā' and root √hū (3rd class) 'to call'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hū (class 3)

कुक्षिदेशे (kukṣideśe) - in the stomach region (in the region of the belly/flank)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kukṣideśa

kukṣideśa - region of the belly/flank

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kukṣi+deśa)

• kukṣi – belly, abdomen, flank
  noun (masculine)
• deśa – place, region, country
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the location of the strike.

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he struck down (he killed, he struck down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist 3rd person singular from root √han (2nd class). Root is irregular in aorist.

Root: han (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Used by Sañjaya to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सः (saḥ) - he (Prativindhya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हतः (hataḥ) - having been slain (struck, killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

han - to strike, kill

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (2nd class) 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Prativindhya).

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - he fell to the ground (he fell down, he descended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ni-pat

Imperfect 3rd person singular from root √pat (1st class) 'to fall' with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land