महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-119

तदिदं नः कृतं घोरं रक्षोभिः क्रूरकर्मभिः ।
इति लालप्यमानाः स्म शेरते बहवो जनाः ॥११९॥

119. tadidaṁ naḥ kṛtaṁ ghoraṁ rakṣobhiḥ krūrakarmabhiḥ ,
iti lālapyamānāḥ sma śerate bahavo janāḥ.

119. tat idam naḥ kṛtam ghoram rakṣobhiḥ krūrakarmabhiḥ
iti lālapyamānāḥ sma śerate bahavaḥ janāḥ

119. krūrakarmabhiḥ rakṣobhiḥ naḥ idam tat ghoram
kṛtam iti lālapyamānāḥ bahavaḥ janāḥ sma śerate

119. "This terrible act was committed against us by the cruel-acting rākṣasas!" Many people lay down, lamenting repeatedly in this manner.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

• इदम् (idam) - this, here

• नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, awful

• रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by rākṣasas (demons)

• क्रूरकर्मभिः (krūrakarmabhiḥ) - by cruel-acting ones

• इति (iti) - thus (introduces or closes direct speech) (thus, in this manner, so)

• लालप्यमानाः (lālapyamānāḥ) - repeatedly lamenting, wailing

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly (used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

• शेरते (śerate) - they lie down, they rest, they sleep

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, therefore, then

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Functions as 'that' referring to the general situation or the 'ghoram kṛtam'.

इदम् (idam) - this, here

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Note: Used with 'tat' for emphasis, 'this very thing'.

नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - we, us (first person plural pronoun)

Note: Indicates the recipients of the deed.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, to make) + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to the 'terrible act' that was done.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, awful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, frightful

Root: ghur (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kṛtam'.

रक्षोभिः (rakṣobhiḥ) - by rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, rākṣas

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive action ('kṛtam').

क्रूरकर्मभिः (krūrakarmabhiḥ) - by cruel-acting ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - one whose actions are cruel, cruel-doing

Compound of krūra (cruel) + karman (action/deed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Root: krū (class 1)
• karman – action, deed, work, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'rakṣobhiḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus (introduces or closes direct speech) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the lament to the action.

लालप्यमानाः (lālapyamānāḥ) - repeatedly lamenting, wailing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lālapyamāna

lālapyamāna - repeatedly lamenting, wailing much

Intensive Present Middle Participle

From intensive (yaṅ-luganta) of root lap (to speak, lament) + śānac suffix

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ'.

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly (used with present tense verb to indicate past action)

(indeclinable)

Note: Changes the tense of 'śerate' to past imperfect.

शेरते (śerate) - they lie down, they rest, they sleep

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present middle indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'śerate'.