महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-112

एवं विचरतस्तस्य निघ्नतः सुबहून्नरान् ।
तमसा रजनी घोरा बभौ दारुणदर्शना ॥११२॥

112. evaṁ vicaratastasya nighnataḥ subahūnnarān ,
tamasā rajanī ghorā babhau dāruṇadarśanā.

112. evam vicarataḥ tasya nighnataḥ subahūn narān
tamasā rajanī ghorā babhau dāruṇadarśanā

112. evam subahūn narān nighnataḥ vicarataḥ tasya
(sati) tamasā ghorā dāruṇadarśanā rajanī babhau

112. As he was thus ranging about, striking down very many men, the dreadful night appeared, terrifying to behold due to the darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• विचरतः (vicarataḥ) - moving about, ranging, wandering

• तस्य (tasya) - of Drauṇi (his, of him)

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - striking down, killing

• सुबहून् (subahūn) - very many, numerous

• नरान् (narān) - men

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, through darkness

• रजनी (rajanī) - night

• घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• बभौ (babhau) - it appeared (as) (it shone, it appeared, it was)

• दारुणदर्शना (dāruṇadarśanā) - of dreadful appearance, terrifying to behold

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying the action.

विचरतः (vicarataḥ) - moving about, ranging, wandering

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vicarat

vicarat - moving about, ranging, wandering

Present Active Participle

From root `car` (to move, to go) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

तस्य (tasya) - of Drauṇi (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drauṇi, forming a genitive absolute with participles.

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - striking down, killing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking down, killing, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root `han` (to strike, to kill) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a genitive absolute construction.

सुबहून् (subahūn) - very many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very many, numerous, abundant

`su` (good, very) + `bahu` (many). A Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence or intensity.
• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies `narān`.

नरान् (narān) - men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, hero

Note: Object of `nighnataḥ`.

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, through darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

S-stem noun.

Note: Cause or means for the dreadful appearance of the night.

रजनी (rajanī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `babhau`.

घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, horrible

Note: Modifies `rajanī`.

बभौ (babhau) - it appeared (as) (it shone, it appeared, it was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhā

Perfect tense, third person singular

Reduplicated perfect active of root `bhā`.

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Main verb for `rajanī`.

दारुणदर्शना (dāruṇadarśanā) - of dreadful appearance, terrifying to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dāruṇadarśana

dāruṇadarśana - of dreadful appearance, terrible to look at, having a cruel sight

`dāruṇa` (dreadful, terrible) + `darśana` (sight, appearance). A Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'that which has dreadful sight'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dāruṇa+darśana)

• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
  From `dāru` (wood, anything hard/firm), extended meaning.
• darśana – seeing, sight, appearance, view
  noun (neuter)
  From root `dṛś` (to see) with `ana` suffix.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rajanī`.