महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-90

तैस्तत्र परिधावद्भिश्चरणोदीरितं रजः ।
अकरोच्छिबिरे तेषां रजन्यां द्विगुणं तमः ॥९०॥

90. taistatra paridhāvadbhiścaraṇodīritaṁ rajaḥ ,
akarocchibire teṣāṁ rajanyāṁ dviguṇaṁ tamaḥ.

90. taiḥ tatra paridhāvadhbhiḥ caraṇa ud īritam
rajaḥ akarot śibire teṣām rajanyām dviguṇam tamaḥ

90. tatra taiḥ paridhāvadhbhiḥ caraṇa ud īritam
rajaḥ teṣām śibire rajanyām tamaḥ dviguṇam akarot

90. The dust, stirred up by the feet of those (animals) running about there, made the darkness in their camp twice as dense during the night.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the elephants and horses (by them)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• परिधावध्भिः (paridhāvadhbhiḥ) - by the elephants and horses running about (by those running about)

• चरण (caraṇa) - foot, leg

• उद् (ud) - up, forth, out

• ईरितम् (īritam) - stirred up, moved, impelled

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen

• अकरोत् (akarot) - made, did

• शिबिरे (śibire) - in the camp

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the people in the camp (of them, their)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

• द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, double

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by the elephants and horses (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

परिधावध्भिः (paridhāvadhbhiḥ) - by the elephants and horses running about (by those running about)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paridhāvat

paridhāvat - running about, galloping around

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhāv (to run) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

चरण (caraṇa) - foot, leg

(noun)

masculine, singular of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, leg, action, conduct

Root: car (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'caraṇodīritam'.

उद् (ud) - up, forth, out

(indeclinable)

Note: Upasarga, forming part of sandhi with 'īritam' and then part of the compound 'caraṇodīritam'.

ईरितम् (īritam) - stirred up, moved, impelled

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of īrita

īrita - stirred, moved, sent forth, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root īr (to move, stir, send)

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Forms part of the compound 'caraṇodīritam'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, particle, pollen, impurity

Root: rañj (class 1)

अकरोत् (akarot) - made, did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शिबिरे (śibire) - in the camp

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, encampment, military station

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the people in the camp (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Root: rañj (class 1)

द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twofold, double

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double, having two qualities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, property, strand, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

Root: tam (class 4)