महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-31

ततस्ते योधमुख्यास्तं सहसा पर्यवारयन् ।
स तानापततः सर्वान्रुद्रास्त्रेण व्यपोथयत् ॥३१॥

31. tataste yodhamukhyāstaṁ sahasā paryavārayan ,
sa tānāpatataḥ sarvānrudrāstreṇa vyapothayat.

31. tataḥ te yodhamukhyāḥ tam sahasā paryavārayan
sa tān āpatataḥ sarvān rudrāstreṇa vyapothayat

31. tataḥ te yodhamukhyāḥ sahasā tam paryavārayan
sa rudrāstreṇa āpatataḥ tān sarvān vyapothayat

31. Then, those chief warriors suddenly surrounded him. He, in turn, annihilated all of them who were attacking with a Rudra weapon.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• ते (te) - those, they

• योधमुख्याः (yodhamukhyāḥ) - chief warriors

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

• स (sa) - Aśvatthāman (he)

• तान् (tān) - them

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - attacking, falling upon

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• रुद्रास्त्रेण (rudrāstreṇa) - by a Rudra weapon

• व्यपोथयत् (vyapothayat) - he destroyed, he struck down

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

योधमुख्याः (yodhamukhyāḥ) - chief warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodhamukhya

yodhamukhya - chief warrior, principal fighter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yodha+mukhya)

• yodha – warrior, soldier
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

(indeclinable)

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ava-vṛ

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: VṚ (class 10)

स (sa) - Aśvatthāman (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - attacking, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - attacking, falling upon, approaching

Present Active Participle

Formed from root PAT with prefix Ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: PAT (class 1)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

रुद्रास्त्रेण (rudrāstreṇa) - by a Rudra weapon

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rudrāstra

rudrāstra - weapon of Rudra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudra+astra)

• rudra – Rudra (a deity, often identified with Shiva)
  proper noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

व्यपोथयत् (vyapothayat) - he destroyed, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of vi-apa-puth

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: PUTH (class 10)