महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-145

अथ कस्माद्धते क्षत्रे कर्मेदं कृतवानसौ ।
द्रोणपुत्रो महेष्वासस्तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥१४५॥

145. atha kasmāddhate kṣatre karmedaṁ kṛtavānasau ,
droṇaputro maheṣvāsastanme śaṁsitumarhasi.

145. atha kasmāt hate kṣatre karma idam kṛtavān asau
droṇaputraḥ maheṣvāsaḥ tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

145. atha kasmāt asau droṇaputraḥ maheṣvāsaḥ hate
kṣatre idam karma kṛtavān tat me śaṃsitum arhasi

145. Now, why did Drona's son, the great archer, perform this deed (karma) after the warriors had been slain? You ought to explain that to me.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, therefore

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what, why, whence

• हते (hate) - having been slain, killed; destroyed

• क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - in the warrior class, among the warriors

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

• इदम् (idam) - this

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, he performed

• असौ (asau) - Aśvatthāmā (he, that one)

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, the son of Drona (Drona's son)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, one with a mighty bow

• तत् (tat) - that deed (that)

• मे (me) - to me, my

• शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to narrate, to explain

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, therefore

(indeclinable)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what, why, whence

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

हते (hate) - having been slain, killed; destroyed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - in the warrior class, among the warriors

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - warrior class, military power, dominion

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, he performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavant

kṛtavant - one who has done/made

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with śatṛ suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in this context.

असौ (asau) - Aśvatthāmā (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāmā, the son of Drona (Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, one with a mighty bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - one having a great bow, great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – bow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Droṇaputra.

तत् (tat) - that deed (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'this deed'.

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I

Note: Also functions as genitive.

शंसितुम् (śaṁsitum) - to tell, to narrate, to explain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaṃs

śaṁs - to praise, to tell, to declare

Infinitive

From root śaṃs with infinitive suffix tumun

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Functions as a verbal noun.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active Indicative

2nd person singular present tense of root arh

Root: arh (class 1)