महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-23

ते दृष्ट्वा वर्ष्मवन्तं तमतिमानुषविक्रमम् ।
भूतमेव व्यवस्यन्तो न स्म प्रव्याहरन्भयात् ॥२३॥

23. te dṛṣṭvā varṣmavantaṁ tamatimānuṣavikramam ,
bhūtameva vyavasyanto na sma pravyāharanbhayāt.

23. te dṛṣṭvā varṣmavantam tam atimānuṣavikramam
bhūtam eva vyavasyantaḥ na sma pravyāharan bhayāt

23. te varṣmavantam atimānuṣavikramam tam dṛṣṭvā
bhūtam eva vyavasyantaḥ bhayāt na sma pravyāharan

23. Seeing him, who was corporeal and possessed of superhuman valor, they, concluding that he was a supernatural being, did not speak out of fear.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वर्ष्मवन्तम् (varṣmavantam) - corporeal, having a body, mighty

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the striker/attacker. (him, that)

• अतिमानुषविक्रमम् (atimānuṣavikramam) - of superhuman valor/power

• भूतम् (bhūtam) - a supernatural being or apparition (a being, a creature, a ghost, an apparition)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• व्यवस्यन्तः (vyavasyantaḥ) - concluding, deciding, perceiving

• न (na) - not

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

• प्रव्याहरन् (pravyāharan) - they spoke, they uttered

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the women and guards from the previous verse.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वर्ष्मवन्तम् (varṣmavantam) - corporeal, having a body, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varṣmavat

varṣmavat - having a body, corporeal, substantial, mighty, tall

Derived from varṣman (body, height, bulk) + matup suffix

Note: Agrees with tam.

तम् (tam) - Refers to the striker/attacker. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

अतिमानुषविक्रमम् (atimānuṣavikramam) - of superhuman valor/power

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atimānuṣavikrama

atimānuṣavikrama - having superhuman valor/power

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (atimānuṣa+vikrama)

• atimānuṣa – superhuman
  adjective (masculine)
  Beyond human
  Prefix: ati
• vikrama – valor, power, might, stride
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

भूतम् (bhūtam) - a supernatural being or apparition (a being, a creature, a ghost, an apparition)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be, to become) + kta suffix; functions as a noun here

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicative accusative with vyavasyantaḥ.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

व्यवस्यन्तः (vyavasyantaḥ) - concluding, deciding, perceiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasyat

vyavasyat - concluding, deciding, determining

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √so (to sharpen, conclude) with prefixes vi and ava + śatṛ suffix, masculine nominative plural

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Agrees with te.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with the imperfect pravyāharan, reinforcing past tense.

प्रव्याहरन् (pravyāharan) - they spoke, they uttered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-vyā-√hṛ

Imperfect

Imperfect tense, third person plural active voice, from the root √hṛ with prefixes pra and vi-ā

Prefixes: pra+vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Indicates the cause of not speaking.