महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तथा प्रयाते शिबिरं द्रोणपुत्रे महारथे ।
कच्चित्कृपश्च भोजश्च भयार्तौ न न्यवर्तताम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tathā prayāte śibiraṁ droṇaputre mahārathe ,
kaccitkṛpaśca bhojaśca bhayārtau na nyavartatām.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | tathā prayāte śibiram droṇaputre mahārathe
| kaccit kṛpaḥ ca bhojaḥ ca bhaya ārtau na nyavartatām

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca mahārathe droṇaputre tathā śibiram
prayāte kaccit kṛpaḥ ca bhojaḥ ca bhaya ārtau na nyavartatām

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "After Droṇa's son, the great charioteer, had thus gone to the camp, tell me, did Kṛpa and Bhoja, afflicted by fear, not turn back?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - having gone, departed

• शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp, encampment

• द्रोणपुत्रे (droṇaputre) - referring to Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son (in Droṇa's son, with Droṇa's son)

• महारथे (mahārathe) - referring to Aśvatthāmā, who is a great charioteer (in the great charioteer, with the great charioteer)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - surely not? (interrogative particle implying negative expectation)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

• च (ca) - and

• भोजः (bhojaḥ) - Bhoja

• च (ca) - and

• भय (bhaya) - fear

• आर्तौ (ārtau) - afflicted, distressed

• न (na) - not, no

• न्यवर्तताम् (nyavartatām) - did not turn back, did not retreat

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper noun, king of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

प्रयाते (prayāte) - having gone, departed

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone, departed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix pra- and root √yā (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

शिबिरम् (śibiram) - camp, encampment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, military encampment, dwelling

द्रोणपुत्रे (droṇaputre) - referring to Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son (in Droṇa's son, with Droṇa's son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, referring to Aśvatthāmā

महारथे (mahārathe) - referring to Aśvatthāmā, who is a great charioteer (in the great charioteer, with the great charioteer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'droṇaputre' in a locative absolute construction

कच्चित् (kaccit) - surely not? (interrogative particle implying negative expectation)

(indeclinable)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (proper noun, a guru and warrior)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भोजः (bhojaḥ) - Bhoja

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhoja

bhoja - Bhoja (proper noun, a warrior, typically Kṛtavarman)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भय (bhaya) - fear

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Implied instrumental case as part of 'bhayārtau' (afflicted by fear)

आर्तौ (ārtau) - afflicted, distressed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ṛ (to go, to suffer) with prefix Ā (often implies intensity or direction)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with Kṛpa and Bhoja

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

न्यवर्तताम् (nyavartatām) - did not turn back, did not retreat

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ni-vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used with 'na' for negation