महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-42

ये त्वजाग्रत कौरव्य तेऽपि शब्देन मोहिताः ।
निरीक्ष्यमाणा अन्योन्यं द्रौणिं दृष्ट्वा प्रविव्यथुः ॥४२॥

42. ye tvajāgrata kauravya te'pi śabdena mohitāḥ ,
nirīkṣyamāṇā anyonyaṁ drauṇiṁ dṛṣṭvā pravivyathuḥ.

42. ye tu ajāgrata kauravya te api śabdena mohitāḥ
nirīkṣyamāṇāḥ anyonyam drauṇim dṛṣṭvā pravivyathuḥ

42. kauravya ye tu ajāgrata te api śabdena mohitāḥ
anyonyam nirīkṣyamāṇāḥ drauṇim dṛṣṭvā pravivyathuḥ

42. But O Kauravya, even those who were awake were bewildered by the sound. Looking at each other, they became greatly distressed upon seeing Drona's son (Drauṇi).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those (soldiers) who (those who)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• अजाग्रत (ajāgrata) - were awake

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O (king) Duryodhana (or Vidura, or Dhritarashtra, depending on who is addressed in the larger narrative) (O descendant of Kuru)

• ते (te) - those (soldiers) (those, they)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even)

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound (of Ashvatthama's actions/entry) (by sound, by noise)

• मोहिताः (mohitāḥ) - bewildered (confused, bewildered, deluded)

• निरीक्ष्यमाणाः (nirīkṣyamāṇāḥ) - looking at (each other) (looking at, being seen)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (Drona's son, Ashvatthama)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्रविव्यथुः (pravivyathuḥ) - they were greatly distressed (they trembled, they were greatly distressed)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those (soldiers) who (those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

अजाग्रत (ajāgrata) - were awake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of jāgṛ

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Imperfect form of √jāgṛ.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O (king) Duryodhana (or Vidura, or Dhritarashtra, depending on who is addressed in the larger narrative) (O descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus

Vrddhi derivative of Kuru.

Note: Address to the listener.

ते (te) - those (soldiers) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'ye'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound (of Ashvatthama's actions/entry) (by sound, by noise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise

Note: Agent of confusion.

मोहिताः (mohitāḥ) - bewildered (confused, bewildered, deluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mohita

mohita - confused, bewildered, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from causative of root √muh (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'te'.

निरीक्ष्यमाणाः (nirīkṣyamāṇāḥ) - looking at (each other) (looking at, being seen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirīkṣyamāṇa

nirīkṣyamāṇa - being looked at, looking (at)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from √īkṣ (to see) with upasarga nir-.

Prefix: nis

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Compound of anya (other) and anya.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'nirīkṣyamāṇāḥ'.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (Drona's son, Ashvatthama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Ashvatthama

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive.

प्रविव्यथुः (pravivyathuḥ) - they were greatly distressed (they trembled, they were greatly distressed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyath

Prefix: pra

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Main verb.