महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-8, verse-139

यथैव संसुप्तजने शिबिरे प्राविशन्निशि ।
तथैव हत्वा निःशब्दे निश्चक्राम नरर्षभः ॥१३९॥

139. yathaiva saṁsuptajane śibire prāviśanniśi ,
tathaiva hatvā niḥśabde niścakrāma nararṣabhaḥ.

139. yathā eva saṃsuptajane śibire prāviśan niśi |
tathā eva hatvā niḥśabde niścakrāma naraṛṣabhaḥ

139. yathā eva saṃsuptajane śibire niśi prāviśan,
tathā eva naraṛṣabhaḥ hatvā niḥśabde niścakrāma

139. Just as he entered the camp at night when people were fast asleep, so too, having slain (the enemies), the bull among men (naraṛṣabha) exited in silence.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• संसुप्तजने (saṁsuptajane) - in the camp filled with fast-asleep people (in the sleeping people, when people were fast asleep)

• शिबिरे (śibire) - into the Pandava camp (in the camp, into the camp)

• प्राविशन् (prāviśan) - he (Aśvatthāman) entered (despite the plural grammatical form) (they entered)

• निशि (niśi) - at night

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in the same way

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

• निःशब्दे (niḥśabde) - in the silent aftermath (of the massacre) (in silence, silently, in a quiet place)

• निश्चक्राम (niścakrāma) - he exited, he went out

• नरऋषभः (naraṛṣabhaḥ) - Aśvatthāman (bull among men, best of men)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

संसुप्तजने (saṁsuptajane) - in the camp filled with fast-asleep people (in the sleeping people, when people were fast asleep)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃsuptajana

saṁsuptajana - sleeping people, populace asleep

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsupta+jana)

• saṃsupta – fast asleep, deeply sleeping
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix sam + root svap (to sleep)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: svap (class 2)
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

शिबिरे (śibire) - into the Pandava camp (in the camp, into the camp)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, encampment, military quarter

Note: Locative case can indicate 'in' or 'into' (motion towards) depending on context.

प्राविशन् (prāviśan) - he (Aśvatthāman) entered (despite the plural grammatical form) (they entered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of praviś

Imperfect Active

From prefix pra + root viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: See contextual_meaning for notes on number discrepancy.

निशि (niśi) - at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in the same way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed from root han + suffix -tvā

Root: han (class 2)

निःशब्दे (niḥśabde) - in the silent aftermath (of the massacre) (in silence, silently, in a quiet place)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of niḥśabda

niḥśabda - silent, noiseless, quiet

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (nis+śabda)

• nis – out, forth, without, away
  indeclinable
• śabda – sound, word, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Can function adverbially 'silently' or refer to a silent place (e.g., the camp in silence).

निश्चक्राम (niścakrāma) - he exited, he went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of niśkram

Perfect Active

From prefix nis + root kram (to step, to go)

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

नरऋषभः (naraṛṣabhaḥ) - Aśvatthāman (bull among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraṛṣabha

naraṛṣabha - best of men, foremost man, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)