मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-44
शरः क्षत्रियया ग्राह्यः प्रतोदो वैश्यकन्यया ।
वसनस्य दशा ग्राह्या शूद्रयोत्कृष्टवेदने ॥४४॥
वसनस्य दशा ग्राह्या शूद्रयोत्कृष्टवेदने ॥४४॥
44. śaraḥ kṣatriyayā grāhyaḥ pratodo vaiśyakanyayā ,
vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrayotkṛṣṭavedane.
vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrayotkṛṣṭavedane.
44.
śaraḥ kṣatriyayā grāhyaḥ pratōdō vaiśyakanyayā
vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrāyā utkruṣṭavēdanē
vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrāyā utkruṣṭavēdanē
44.
śaraḥ kṣatriyayā grāhyaḥ pratōdaḥ vaiśyakanyayā
grāhyaḥ vasanasya daśā śūdrāyā utkruṣṭavēdanē grāhyā
grāhyaḥ vasanasya daśā śūdrāyā utkruṣṭavēdanē grāhyā
44.
A bow is to be accepted by a Kshatriya woman, a whip by a Vaishya woman. A measure of cloth is to be accepted by a Shudra woman (depending on the quality of the garment).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शरः (śaraḥ) - bow (arrow, bow)
- क्षत्रियया (kṣatriyayā) - by a Kshatriya woman
- ग्राह्यः (grāhyaḥ) - is to be accepted (to be accepted, to be taken)
- प्रत्ओदः (pratōdaḥ) - whip (whip, goad)
- वैश्यकन्यया (vaiśyakanyayā) - by a Vaishya woman (by a Vaishya girl, by a Vaishya woman)
- वसनस्य (vasanasya) - of cloth (of cloth, of clothing)
- दशा (daśā) - measure (measure, extent, state, condition)
- ग्राह्या (grāhyā) - is to be accepted (to be accepted, to be taken)
- शूद्राया (śūdrāyā) - by a Shudra woman
- उत्क्रुष्टवेदने (utkruṣṭavēdanē) - depending on the quality of the garment (in the best of gifts, for the best gift)
Words meanings and morphology
शरः (śaraḥ) - bow (arrow, bow)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śara
śara - arrow, reed, bow
क्षत्रियया (kṣatriyayā) - by a Kshatriya woman
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - Kshatriya, warrior caste
derived from 'kṣatra' (power, dominion)
ग्राह्यः (grāhyaḥ) - is to be accepted (to be accepted, to be taken)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of grāhya
grāhya - to be accepted, to be taken, graspable
Gerundive
from root 'grah' (to seize, grasp, take) + suffix '-ya'
Root: grah (class 1)
प्रत्ओदः (pratōdaḥ) - whip (whip, goad)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pratoda
pratoda - whip, goad, spur
from root 'pratud' (to prick, sting, goad)
Root: pratud (class 6)
वैश्यकन्यया (vaiśyakanyayā) - by a Vaishya woman (by a Vaishya girl, by a Vaishya woman)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vaiśyakanyā
vaiśyakanyā - Vaishya girl or woman
compound: vaiśya (Vaishya caste) + kanyā (girl, daughter)
Compound type : tatpurusha (vaiśya+kanyā)
- vaiśya – Vaishya, third caste (merchant, farmer)
noun (masculine) - kanyā – girl, daughter, maiden
noun (feminine)
वसनस्य (vasanasya) - of cloth (of cloth, of clothing)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of vasana
vasana - cloth, garment, dress, clothing
from root 'vas' (to wear, to dwell)
Root: vas (class 2)
दशा (daśā) - measure (measure, extent, state, condition)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of daśā
daśā - measure, extent, state, condition, phase
ग्राह्या (grāhyā) - is to be accepted (to be accepted, to be taken)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of grāhya
grāhya - to be accepted, to be taken, graspable
Gerundive
from root 'grah' (to seize, grasp, take) + suffix '-ya'
Root: grah (class 1)
शूद्राया (śūdrāyā) - by a Shudra woman
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of śūdrā
śūdrā - Shudra, the fourth caste
उत्क्रुष्टवेदने (utkruṣṭavēdanē) - depending on the quality of the garment (in the best of gifts, for the best gift)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of utkruṣṭavēdana
utkruṣṭavēdana - excellent gift, best gift
compound: utkṛṣṭa (excellent, best) + vētana (payment, gift, reward)
Compound type : tatpurusha (utkṛṣṭa+vētana)
- utkṛṣṭa – excellent, best, superior, lofty
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root 'kṛṣ' (to draw, pull, cultivate) + prefix 'ut-'
Prefix: ut
Root: kṛṣ (class 1) - vētana – payment, wages, reward, gift
noun (neuter)
Note: The locative case here implies 'in relation to' or 'according to'.