मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-147
एष वै प्रथमः कल्पः प्रदाने हव्यकव्ययोः ।
अनुकल्पस्त्वयं ज्ञेयः सदा सद्भिरनुष्ठितः ॥१४७॥
अनुकल्पस्त्वयं ज्ञेयः सदा सद्भिरनुष्ठितः ॥१४७॥
147. eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ ,
anukalpastvayaṁ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ.
anukalpastvayaṁ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ.
147.
eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ pradāne havyakavyayoḥ
anukalpastvayaṃ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ
anukalpastvayaṃ jñeyaḥ sadā sadbhiranuṣṭhitaḥ
147.
eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ havyakavyayoḥ pradāne (asti)
tu ayam anukalpaḥ sadā sadbhiḥ anuṣṭhitaḥ jñeyaḥ
tu ayam anukalpaḥ sadā sadbhiḥ anuṣṭhitaḥ jñeyaḥ
147.
This is indeed the primary rule for offering oblations (havya) to deities and funeral offerings (kavya) to ancestors. This other method, however, should be known as the secondary practice, always followed by the virtuous.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एष (eṣa) - this (primary rule) (this)
- वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)
- प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) - primary (first, primary)
- कल्पः (kalpaḥ) - rule, method (rule, method, ordinance, era)
- प्रदाने (pradāne) - for offering (in giving, in bestowing)
- हव्यकव्ययोः (havyakavyayoḥ) - of oblations (havya) to deities and funeral offerings (kavya) to ancestors (of havyas and kavyas)
- अनुकल्पस्तु (anukalpastu) - this other method, however (but the secondary rule)
- अयं (ayaṁ) - this (secondary practice) (this)
- ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known (should be known, knowable)
- सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)
- सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous (by the good, by the virtuous)
- अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - followed (performed, executed, followed)
Words meanings and morphology
एष (eṣa) - this (primary rule) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa
eṣa - this, he, it
Note: Refers to the practice described in the previous verses.
वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)
(indeclinable)
प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) - primary (first, primary)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prathama
prathama - first, primary, foremost
Derived from pra (forth) + root tha (to stand).
Note: Modifies 'kalpaḥ'.
कल्पः (kalpaḥ) - rule, method (rule, method, ordinance, era)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kalpa
kalpa - rule, ordinance, method, manner; epoch, era; a limb of the Veda
Derived from root kḷp (to be fit, arrange).
Root: kḷp (class 4)
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is).
प्रदाने (pradāne) - for offering (in giving, in bestowing)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of pradāna
pradāna - giving, donation, presentation, bestowing
Nominal Derivation
Derived from the verb pra-dā (to give).
Prefix: pra
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Locative case, indicating the context or purpose.
हव्यकव्ययोः (havyakavyayoḥ) - of oblations (havya) to deities and funeral offerings (kavya) to ancestors (of havyas and kavyas)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, dual of havyakavya
havyakavya - oblations for gods (havya) and for ancestors (kavya)
Compound of havya (offering to gods) and kavya (offering to ancestors).
Compound type : dvandva (havya+kavya)
- havya – offering, oblation (esp. to gods)
noun (neuter)
Derived from root hu (to offer).
Root: hu (class 2) - kavya – poem; offering to ancestors (pitṛs)
noun (neuter)
Note: Locative dual, parallel to 'pradāne'.
अनुकल्पस्तु (anukalpastu) - this other method, however (but the secondary rule)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anukalpa
anukalpa - secondary rule, alternative practice, substitute
Compound of anu (after, following) + kalpa (rule, method).
Prefix: anu
Root: kḷp (class 4)
Note: The 'tu' indicates contrast or a new topic. This is the subject of 'jñeyaḥ'.
अयं (ayaṁ) - this (secondary practice) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ayaṃ
ayaṁ - this, he, it
Note: Refers to 'anukalpaḥ'.
ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known (should be known, knowable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya
jñeya - knowable, that which should be known
Gerundive
Gerundive of the root jñā (to know).
Root: jñā (class 2)
Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'anukalpaḥ' and 'ayaṃ'.
सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)
(indeclinable)
सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous (by the good, by the virtuous)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat
sat - good, virtuous, true, real; being, existence; a good person
Participle
Past participle of the root as 'to be'.
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Instrumental plural, indicating the agent of 'anushthitaḥ'.
अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - followed (performed, executed, followed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anuṣṭhita
anuṣṭhita - performed, executed, accomplished, followed
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of the root anu-ṣṭhā (to perform, to follow).
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'anukalpaḥ' and 'ayaṃ'.