मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-145
यत्नेन भोजयेत्श्राद्धे बह्वृचं वेदपारगम ।
शाखान्तगमथाध्वर्युं छन्दोगं तु समाप्तिकम ॥१४५॥
शाखान्तगमथाध्वर्युं छन्दोगं तु समाप्तिकम ॥१४५॥
145. yatnena bhojayetśrāddhe bahvṛcaṁ vedapāragam ,
śākhāntagamathādhvaryuṁ chandogaṁ tu samāptikam.
śākhāntagamathādhvaryuṁ chandogaṁ tu samāptikam.
145.
yatnena bhojayet śrāddhe bahvṛcaṃ vedapāragam
śākhāntagam athādhvaryuṃ chandogaṃ tu samāptikam
śākhāntagam athādhvaryuṃ chandogaṃ tu samāptikam
145.
śrāddhe bahvṛcaṃ vedapāragam yatnena bhojayet
athādhvaryuṃ śākhāntagam tu chandogaṃ samāptikam
athādhvaryuṃ śākhāntagam tu chandogaṃ samāptikam
145.
One should diligently feed a Brahmana who knows the Rigveda thoroughly in a śrāddha (ritual for ancestors). If not, then a Brahmana well-versed in the branches of the Yajurveda, and if not that, then a Brahmana well-versed in the Samaveda.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत्नेन (yatnena) - with diligence (with effort, with diligence, carefully)
- भोजयेत् (bhojayet) - should feed (should cause to eat, should feed)
- श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in a śrāddha (ritual for ancestors) (in śrāddha, in a funeral rite)
- बह्वृचं (bahvṛcaṁ) - a Brahmana who knows the Rigveda thoroughly (one who knows many verses, a Rigvedi)
- वेदपारगम् (vedapāragam) - who knows the Veda thoroughly (one who has crossed the ocean of knowledge, a great scholar)
- शाखान्तगम् (śākhāntagam) - well-versed in the branches of the Yajurveda (one who has reached the end of a branch (of study))
- अथाध्वर्युं (athādhvaryuṁ) - a Brahmana well-versed in the branches of the Yajurveda (then the Yajurvedin priest)
- छन्दोगं (chandogaṁ) - a Brahmana well-versed in the Samaveda (one who sings chants, a Samavedin)
- तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)
- समाप्तिकम् (samāptikam) - well-versed in the Samaveda (implied by context, though the word itself is general) (one who has completed (study))
Words meanings and morphology
यत्नेन (yatnena) - with diligence (with effort, with diligence, carefully)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna
yatna - effort, exertion, diligence, care, attempt, trial
भोजयेत् (bhojayet) - should feed (should cause to eat, should feed)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of bhūj
Causative
Root bhuj (bhūñj) 'to eat' + causative suffix -aya. Indicative mood, third person singular, potential mood (vidhiliṅ).
Root: bhuj (class 4)
Note: Potential mood (vidhiliṅ) indicating what ought to be done.
श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in a śrāddha (ritual for ancestors) (in śrāddha, in a funeral rite)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - related to faith, performed with faith; a funeral rite performed for ancestors
Primary Derivation
Derived from śraddhā (faith) with suffix -a.
बह्वृचं (bahvṛcaṁ) - a Brahmana who knows the Rigveda thoroughly (one who knows many verses, a Rigvedi)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of bahvṛca
bahvṛca - possessing many verses; a scholar of the Rigveda
Compound of bahu (many) + ṛc (verse).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+ṛc)
- bahu – much, many, abundant
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter) - ṛc – verse, stanza, hymn (esp. in the Rigveda)
noun (feminine)
Note: Accusative case as it is the object of the verb 'bhojayet'.
वेदपारगम् (vedapāragam) - who knows the Veda thoroughly (one who has crossed the ocean of knowledge, a great scholar)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vedapāragam
vedapāragam - one who has reached the other shore of the Vedas; a supreme Vedic scholar
Compound of veda (knowledge, Vedas) + pāragam (one who has reached the other shore).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (veda+pāragam)
- veda – knowledge, sacred lore, the Vedas
noun (masculine)
Root: vid (class 2) - pāragam – one who has reached the further shore, transcendent
noun (masculine)
Derived from pāra (beyond, other shore) + gam (go).
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Accusative case, agreeing with bahvṛcaṃ.
शाखान्तगम् (śākhāntagam) - well-versed in the branches of the Yajurveda (one who has reached the end of a branch (of study))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śākhāntagam
śākhāntagam - one who has reached the end of a branch (of Vedic study)
Compound of śākhā (branch) + anta (end) + gam (go).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (śākhā+anta+gam)
- śākhā – branch, limb, division (esp. of Vedic texts)
noun (feminine) - anta – end, limit, boundary
noun (masculine) - gam – going, moving
verb (masculine)
Root
Root gam 'to go'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Accusative case, implying 'a person who is śākhāntagam' is to be fed.
अथाध्वर्युं (athādhvaryuṁ) - a Brahmana well-versed in the branches of the Yajurveda (then the Yajurvedin priest)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvaryu
adhvaryu - a priest who recites the Yajurveda during a sacrifice; a Yajurvedin
Note: The prefix 'atha' means 'then', and implies a secondary choice. The accusative case is used as the object of 'bhojayet'.
छन्दोगं (chandogaṁ) - a Brahmana well-versed in the Samaveda (one who sings chants, a Samavedin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of chandoga
chandoga - one who sings the chanda (verses or chants); a Samavedin
Compound of chanda (meter, chant) + ga (singer, one who goes).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (chanda+ga)
- chanda – meter, verse, chant
noun (masculine/neuter) - ga – going, singer
noun (masculine)
Gerundive-like derivation
Derived from root gam 'to go'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Accusative case, object of 'bhojayet'.
तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)
(indeclinable)
समाप्तिकम् (samāptikam) - well-versed in the Samaveda (implied by context, though the word itself is general) (one who has completed (study))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of samāptikam
samāptikam - one who has finished or completed; accomplished
Past Passive Participle-like derivation
Derived from the root sam-ā-pā (to reach, to accomplish) + suffix -ka.
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: ap (class 4)
Note: Accusative case, object of 'bhojayet'.