मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-152
चिकित्सकान देवलकान मांसविक्रयिणस्तथा ।
विपणेन च जीवन्तो वर्ज्याः स्युर्हव्यकव्ययोः ॥१५२॥
विपणेन च जीवन्तो वर्ज्याः स्युर्हव्यकव्ययोः ॥१५२॥
152. cikitsakān devalakān māṁsavikrayiṇastathā ,
vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ.
vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ.
152.
cikitsakān devalakān māṃsavikrayiṇastathā
vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ
vipaṇena ca jīvanto varjyāḥ syurhavyakavyayoḥ
152.
cikitsakān devalakān māṃsavikrayiṇaḥ tathā
vipaṇena jīvantaḥ ca syuḥ havyakavyayoḥ varjyāḥ
vipaṇena jīvantaḥ ca syuḥ havyakavyayoḥ varjyāḥ
152.
Doctors (cikitsakān), temple servants (devalakān), meat sellers (mānsavikrayiṇaḥ), and those who earn their livelihood by trade (vipaṇena jīvantaḥ) should also be avoided for offerings to the gods (havya) and ancestors (kavya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चिकित्सकान् (cikitsakān) - doctors (doctors, physicians)
- देवलकान् (devalakān) - temple servants (temple servants, priests)
- मांसविक्रयिणः (māṁsavikrayiṇaḥ) - sellers of meat
- तथा (tathā) - and also (and so, likewise, also)
- विपणेन (vipaṇena) - by trade (by trade, by commerce, by selling)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- जीवन्तो (jīvanto) - who earn their livelihood (living, alive, earning a livelihood)
- वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - should be avoided (to be avoided, to be excluded)
- स्युः (syuḥ) - should be (they are, they will be, may be)
- हव्यकव्ययोः (havyakavyayoḥ) - for offerings to the gods (havya) and ancestors (kavya) (for offerings to gods and ancestors)
Words meanings and morphology
चिकित्सकान् (cikitsakān) - doctors (doctors, physicians)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of cikitsaka
cikitsaka - physician, doctor, one who treats or heals
From the root √cikits 'to heal, to cure'.
Root: cikits (class 10)
Note: Object of the implied verb 'should be avoided'.
देवलकान् (devalakān) - temple servants (temple servants, priests)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of devalaka
devalaka - temple servant, priest, one who serves in a temple
Derived from deva 'god, deity' and alaka 'servant'.
Note: Object of the implied verb 'should be avoided'.
मांसविक्रयिणः (māṁsavikrayiṇaḥ) - sellers of meat
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of māṃsavikrayiṇ
māṁsavikrayin - seller of meat, butcher
Compound of māṃsa 'meat' and vikrayin 'seller'.
Compound type : tatpurusha (māṃsa+vikrayin)
- māṃsa – flesh, meat
noun (neuter) - vikrayin – seller, vendor
noun (masculine)
Derived from √kray 'to buy, to sell'.
Root: kray (class 1)
Note: This is likely a vocative plural, referring to these people as being excluded. However, given the accusative case of the preceding words, it might be intended as accusative plural. The sandhi 'vikrayiṇaḥ' comes from 'vikrayin' + 'stha'. Let's treat it as nominative plural as it fits better with the implied subject 'they'.
तथा (tathā) - and also (and so, likewise, also)
(indeclinable)
Compound of tat 'that' and ha 'indeed'.
विपणेन (vipaṇena) - by trade (by trade, by commerce, by selling)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of vipaṇa
vipaṇa - market, trade, commerce, selling
Note: Indicates the means of livelihood.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
जीवन्तो (jīvanto) - who earn their livelihood (living, alive, earning a livelihood)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvant
jīvant - living, alive, surviving, earning a livelihood
Present Participle
From the root √jīv 'to live'.
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Modifies the implied Brahmins who earn a living by trade.
वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - should be avoided (to be avoided, to be excluded)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varjya
varjya - to be avoided, to be excluded, to be abstained from
Gerundive
From the root √varj 'to avoid, to leave'.
Root: varj (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective, implying they are unfit for the offerings.
स्युः (syuḥ) - should be (they are, they will be, may be)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Root √as.
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Used with 'varjyāḥ' to mean 'should be avoided'.
हव्यकव्ययोः (havyakavyayoḥ) - for offerings to the gods (havya) and ancestors (kavya) (for offerings to gods and ancestors)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, dual of havyakavya
havyakavya - offerings to gods (havya) and ancestors (kavya)
Compound of havya 'offering to gods' and kavya 'offering to ancestors'.
Compound type : copulative (havya+kavya)
- havya – offering to the gods, oblations
noun (neuter)
From the root √hu 'to offer, to sacrifice'.
Root: hu (class 1) - kavya – offering to the ancestors (pitṛs), poetic composition, wisdom
noun (neuter)
Related to 'kavi' (poet, sage), implying wisdom and tradition.
Note: The dual form refers to both types of offerings.