मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-199
अग्निदग्धानग्निदग्धान काव्यान बर्हिषदस्तथा ।
अग्निष्वात्तांश्च सौम्यांश्च विप्राणामेव निर्दिशेत ॥१९९॥
अग्निष्वात्तांश्च सौम्यांश्च विप्राणामेव निर्दिशेत ॥१९९॥
199. agnidagdhānagnidagdhān kāvyān barhiṣadastathā ,
agniṣvāttāṁśca soṁyāṁśca viprāṇāmeva nirdiśet.
agniṣvāttāṁśca soṁyāṁśca viprāṇāmeva nirdiśet.
199.
agnidagdhānagridagdhān kāvyān barhiṣadastathā
agniṣvattāṃśca saumyāṃśca viprāṇāmeva nirdeśet
agniṣvattāṃśca saumyāṃśca viprāṇāmeva nirdeśet
199.
The Agni-dagdhas, the Kāvyas, the Barhiṣadas, the Agnishvattās, and the Saumyās should be indicated as Brahmins.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अग्निदग्धाः (agnidagdhāḥ) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites involved burning by fire (burned by fire)
- अनग्निदग्धान् (anagnidagdhān) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites did not involve burning by fire. (not burned by fire)
- काव्यान् (kāvyān) - a class of forefathers, possibly referring to descendants of the sage Kavi (related to Kavi, sons of Kavi)
- बर्हिषदः (barhiṣadaḥ) - a class of forefathers, likely those who performed rituals on sacred grass (those who sit on the sacred grass (barhis))
- तथा (tathā) - and (and so, also, likewise)
- अग्निष्वत्तान् (agniṣvattān) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites involved burning by fire (burned by fire, a class of manes)
- च (ca) - and
- सौम्यान् (saumyān) - a class of forefathers, possibly connected to the moon deity Soma or lunar rituals (related to Soma, lunar)
- च (ca) - and
- विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins
- एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, certainly)
- निर्देशेत् (nirdeśet) - should be indicated (should point out, should mention, should indicate)
Words meanings and morphology
अग्निदग्धाः (agnidagdhāḥ) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites involved burning by fire (burned by fire)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of agnidagdha
agnidagdha - burned by fire, a class of manes
Past Passive Participle
from root dah (to burn) with prefix agni and suffix kta.
Prefix: agni
Root: dah (class 2)
Note: The repetition 'agnidagdhānagridagdhān' is unusual. Assuming 'anagnidagdhān' or a similar variation for the latter part based on context, but processing as written for now. However, the devanagari 'अग्निदग्धानग्निदग्धान' seems like a typo and should likely be 'अग्निदग्धान् अदीग्धान्' or similar, but I will proceed with the given text. Correcting the sandhi for clarity: Agnidagdhāḥ anagnidagdhān.
अनग्निदग्धान् (anagnidagdhān) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites did not involve burning by fire. (not burned by fire)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of anagnidagdha
anagnidagdha - not burned by fire, a class of manes
Past Passive Participle
from root dah (to burn) with prefix agni and suffix kta, negated by 'an'.
Prefixes: an+agni
Root: dah (class 2)
Note: Note on sandhi: The first word seems to be nominative plural, and this one accusative plural. The devanagari 'अग्निदग्धानग्निदग्धान' is ambiguous. If 'अग्निदग्धान्' (accusative) was intended, then both would be accusative. For now, interpreting as 'Agnidagdhaḥ anagnidagdhān'.
काव्यान् (kāvyān) - a class of forefathers, possibly referring to descendants of the sage Kavi (related to Kavi, sons of Kavi)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of kāvya
kāvya - related to Kavi, poetic, a son of Kavi, a class of manes
derived from 'kavi' (poet, sage) with the 'ya' suffix.
बर्हिषदः (barhiṣadaḥ) - a class of forefathers, likely those who performed rituals on sacred grass (those who sit on the sacred grass (barhis))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of barhiṣad
barhiṣad - one who sits on the sacred grass, a class of manes
compound of 'barhis' (sacred grass) and 'sad' (to sit).
Compound type : kvip-samāsa (barhis+sad)
- barhis – sacred grass (usually Kusha grass), altar
noun (neuter) - sad – to sit, to dwell, to settle
verb (masculine)
Active Participle
from root sad (to sit) with kvip suffix.
Root: sad (class 1)
Note: The deganagari has 'बर्हिषदस्तथा', which is 'barhiṣadaḥ tathā'. So this word is nominative plural.
तथा (tathā) - and (and so, also, likewise)
(indeclinable)
अग्निष्वत्तान् (agniṣvattān) - a class of forefathers whose funeral rites involved burning by fire (burned by fire, a class of manes)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of agniṣvatta
agniṣvatta - burned by fire, a class of manes
Past Passive Participle
from root svad (to eat, to enjoy) with prefix agni and suffix kta. The meaning is related to 'fire-eaters' or those consumed by fire.
Prefix: agni
Root: svad (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
सौम्यान् (saumyān) - a class of forefathers, possibly connected to the moon deity Soma or lunar rituals (related to Soma, lunar)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of saumya
saumya - related to Soma, lunar, gentle, belonging to Soma
derived from 'Soma' (moon deity/plant) with the 'ya' suffix.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra
vipra - priest, Brahmin, wise man, learned person
एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, certainly)
(indeclinable)
निर्देशेत् (nirdeśet) - should be indicated (should point out, should mention, should indicate)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential optative (liṅ) of nirdiś
Potential Optative
from root diś (to point out) with prefix nir and the verb ending -et for the 3rd person singular potential optative.
Prefix: nir
Root: diś (class 2)