मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-190
केतितस्तु यथान्यायं हव्ये कव्ये द्विजोत्तमः ।
कथं चिदप्यतिक्रामन पापः सूकरतां व्रजेत ॥१९०॥
कथं चिदप्यतिक्रामन पापः सूकरतां व्रजेत ॥१९०॥
190. ketitastu yathānyāyaṁ havye kavye dvijottamaḥ ,
kathaṁ cidapyatikrāman pāpaḥ sūkaratāṁ vrajet.
kathaṁ cidapyatikrāman pāpaḥ sūkaratāṁ vrajet.
190.
ketitastu yathānyāyaṃ havye kavyē dvijottamaḥ
kathaṃ cid api atikrāmāṇa pāpaḥ sūkaratāṃ vrajet
kathaṃ cid api atikrāmāṇa pāpaḥ sūkaratāṃ vrajet
190.
The best of Brahmins, if he accepts (the invitation) appropriately for offerings to the living (havya) or the departed (kavya), and if he in any way transgresses (the rules), he becomes sinful and will be reborn as a pig.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- केतितस्तु (ketitastu) - the Brahmin who has received an invitation (he who has been invited)
- यथान्यायं (yathānyāyaṁ) - in accordance with the prescribed manner or rules (according to rule, properly)
- हव्ये (havye) - for the food offerings to gods and living beings (offering to the living)
- कव्ये (kavyē) - for the food offerings to the ancestors (pitṛs) (offering to the departed)
- द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the highest or most excellent among the Brahmins (best of Brahmins)
- कथं (kathaṁ) - how
- चिद् (cid) - used with 'kathaṃ' for emphasis, meaning 'even in any way' (even)
- अपि (api) - used with 'kathaṃ cid' to mean 'even in the slightest way' or 'even in any way' (even, also)
- अतिक्रामाण (atikrāmāṇa) - if he transgresses or goes beyond the proper conduct (transgressing, exceeding)
- पापः (pāpaḥ) - having become sinful or having committed a sin (sinful, evil)
- सूकरतां (sūkaratāṁ) - the state or condition of being a pig (state of being a pig)
- व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he will attain or be born into (he would go, he would attain)
Words meanings and morphology
केतितस्तु (ketitastu) - the Brahmin who has received an invitation (he who has been invited)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, nominative singular of ketita
ketita - invited, perceptible
Past Passive Participle
Root 'kit' (to perceive, to invite) + suffix '-ita'
Root: kit (class 10)
Note: The 'tu' is an enclitic for emphasis.
यथान्यायं (yathānyāyaṁ) - in accordance with the prescribed manner or rules (according to rule, properly)
(indeclinable)
Compound: 'yathā' (as) + 'nyāya' (rule, justice)
हव्ये (havye) - for the food offerings to gods and living beings (offering to the living)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, locative singular of havya
havya - offering, sacrifice; food for gods and living beings
from root 'hu' (to sacrifice, to offer)
Root: hu (class 2)
कव्ये (kavyē) - for the food offerings to the ancestors (pitṛs) (offering to the departed)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, locative singular of kavya
kavya - offering to ancestors, funeral oblation; poetry, wise saying
द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - the highest or most excellent among the Brahmins (best of Brahmins)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, nominative singular of dvijottama
dvijottama - best of the twice-born (Brahmins)
Compound: 'dvija-' (twice-born Brahmin) + 'uttama' (best)
Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born, Brahmin
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4) - uttama – best, highest, supreme
adjective (masculine)
कथं (kathaṁ) - how
(indeclinable)
चिद् (cid) - used with 'kathaṃ' for emphasis, meaning 'even in any way' (even)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - used with 'kathaṃ cid' to mean 'even in the slightest way' or 'even in any way' (even, also)
(indeclinable)
अतिक्रामाण (atikrāmāṇa) - if he transgresses or goes beyond the proper conduct (transgressing, exceeding)
(nominal form)
Nominative, masculine, nominative singular of atikram
atikram - to transgress, to exceed, to pass over
Present Participle
Root 'kram' (to go, to step) + prefix 'ati-' (beyond, over)
Prefix: ati-
Root: kram (class 1)
पापः (pāpaḥ) - having become sinful or having committed a sin (sinful, evil)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, nominative singular of pāpa
pāpa - sin, evil, wicked, bad
Note: Here used predicatively with the implied subject (the dvijottamaḥ).
सूकरतां (sūkaratāṁ) - the state or condition of being a pig (state of being a pig)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, accusative singular of sūkaratā
sūkaratā - state of being a pig, piggishness
Compound: 'sūkara-' (pig) + suffix '-tā' (state, quality)
व्रजेत् (vrajet) - he will attain or be born into (he would go, he would attain)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (liṅ) of gam
Potential
Root 'gam' (to go) + vidhiling suffix
Root: gam (class 2)