मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-187
पूर्वेद्युरपरेद्युर्वा श्राद्धकर्मण्युपस्थिते ।
निमन्त्रयेत त्र्यऽवरान सम्यग विप्रान यथौदितान ॥१८७॥
निमन्त्रयेत त्र्यऽवरान सम्यग विप्रान यथौदितान ॥१८७॥
187. pūrvedyuraparedyurvā śrāddhakarmaṇyupasthite ,
nimantrayeta try'varān samyag viprān yathauditān.
nimantrayeta try'varān samyag viprān yathauditān.
187.
pūrvedyuraparedyurvā śrāddhakarmaṇyupasthite |
nimantrayeta try'varān samyag viprān yathauditān
nimantrayeta try'varān samyag viprān yathauditān
187.
On the day before, or on the day of the śrāddha (funeral rite) when it is imminent, one should invite at least three Brahmins who are well-versed and as prescribed.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पूर्वे (pūrve) - on the day before (before)
- द्युः (dyuḥ) - day
- अपरे (apare) - on the day of (other, later)
- द्युः (dyuḥ) - day
- वा (vā) - or
- श्राद्ध-कर्मणि (śrāddha-karmaṇi) - when the śrāddha ritual is imminent (in the śrāddha ritual)
- उपस्थिते (upasthite) - when it is imminent (approaching, present)
- निमन्त्रयेत (nimantrayeta) - one should invite (should invite)
- त्रि-अवसरान् (tri-avasarān) - at least three (three times, three occasions)
- सम्यक् (samyak) - well-versed (well, properly, completely)
- विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins
- यथा-उदितान् (yathā-uditān) - as prescribed (as told, as prescribed)
Words meanings and morphology
पूर्वे (pūrve) - on the day before (before)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, previous, east
Note: In the context 'pūrve dyuḥ' means 'on the previous day'.
द्युः (dyuḥ) - day
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dyu
dyu - day, sky, heaven
Note: Here 'pūrve dyuḥ' and 'apare dyuḥ' are adverbial phrases indicating time.
अपरे (apare) - on the day of (other, later)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of apara
apara - other, later, western
Note: In the context 'apare dyuḥ' means 'on the following day' or 'on the day of'.
द्युः (dyuḥ) - day
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dyu
dyu - day, sky, heaven
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
श्राद्ध-कर्मणि (śrāddha-karmaṇi) - when the śrāddha ritual is imminent (in the śrāddha ritual)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddhakarmaṇ
śrāddhakarmaṇ - śrāddha ritual, rite for ancestors
Compound of 'śrāddha' (rite for ancestors) and 'karmaṇ' (action, ritual).
Compound type : tatpurusha (śrāddha+karmaṇ)
- śrāddha – rite for ancestors, based on faith
noun (neuter)
Derived from 'śraddhā' (faith). - karmaṇ – action, deed, ritual
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
उपस्थिते (upasthite) - when it is imminent (approaching, present)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of upasthita
upasthita - present, arrived, approached, attended
past passive participle
From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'upa' (near, towards).
Prefix: upa
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'śrāddhakarmaṇi' in sense, indicating that the ritual has arrived or is imminent.
निमन्त्रयेत (nimantrayeta) - one should invite (should invite)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, optative (liṅ) of nimantrayate
middle voice
From root 'mantr' (to think, counsel) with prefix 'ni' (down, in) and the middle voice suffix '-ate'.
Prefix: ni
Root: mantr (class 5)
त्रि-अवसरान् (tri-avasarān) - at least three (three times, three occasions)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tri-avasara
tri-avasara - three opportunities, three times
Compound of 'tri' (three) and 'avasara' (occasion, opportunity).
Compound type : tatpurusha (tri+avasara)
- tri – three
indeclinable - avasara – occasion, opportunity, time
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ava
Root: sṛ (class 6)
Note: The context implies 'three persons' or 'at least three'.
सम्यक् (samyak) - well-versed (well, properly, completely)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'sam' (together, completely) and 'kyak' (suffix forming adverbs).
विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, priest, learned, wise
From root 'vip' (to move quickly, to flow, to be intelligent).
Root: vip (class 1)
यथा-उदितान् (yathā-uditān) - as prescribed (as told, as prescribed)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of yathāudita
yathāudita - as told, as prescribed, as stated
past passive participle
Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'udita' (spoken, said, told) from root 'vad' (to speak).
Compound type : avyayibhava (yathā+udita)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - udita – spoken, said, told, arisen
adjective (masculine)
past passive participle
From root 'vad' (to speak).
Root: vad (class 2)
Note: Agrees with 'viprān'.