मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-115
अदत्त्वा तु य एतेभ्यः पूर्वं भुङ्क्तेऽविचक्षणः ।
स भुञ्जानो न जानाति श्वगृध्रैर्जग्धिमात्मनः ॥११५॥
स भुञ्जानो न जानाति श्वगृध्रैर्जग्धिमात्मनः ॥११५॥
115. adattvā tu ya etebhyaḥ pūrvaṁ bhuṅkte'vicakṣaṇaḥ ,
sa bhuñjāno na jānāti śvagṛdhrairjagdhimātmanaḥ.
sa bhuñjāno na jānāti śvagṛdhrairjagdhimātmanaḥ.
115.
adattvā tu yaḥ etebhyaḥ pūrvam bhuṅkte avicakṣaṇaḥ
saḥ bhuñjānaḥ na jānāti śvagṛdhrāiḥ jagdhim ātmanaḥ
saḥ bhuñjānaḥ na jānāti śvagṛdhrāiḥ jagdhim ātmanaḥ
115.
tu yaḥ avicakṣaṇaḥ etebhyaḥ adattvā pūrvam bhuṅkte,
saḥ bhuñjānaḥ ātmanaḥ jagdhim śvagṛdhrāiḥ na jānāti
saḥ bhuñjānaḥ ātmanaḥ jagdhim śvagṛdhrāiḥ na jānāti
115.
But that unwise person who eats first without having given to these (aforementioned categories of people) does not realize, while eating, that his own self (ātman) is being devoured by dogs and vultures.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given (without giving, not having given)
- तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
- यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))
- एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these (the mentioned categories) (to these, for these (dative plural))
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, beforehand (before, first, previously)
- भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (he eats, he enjoys)
- अविचक्षणः (avicakṣaṇaḥ) - unwise person (undiscerning, unwise, foolish)
- सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
- भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - while eating (eating, enjoying)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- जानाति (jānāti) - does know (he knows, he understands)
- श्वगृध्राइः (śvagṛdhrāiḥ) - by dogs and vultures
- जग्धिम् (jagdhim) - the devouring (eating, devouring, consuming)
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own self (ātman) (of the self, of oneself)
Words meanings and morphology
अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without having given (without giving, not having given)
(indeclinable)
Gerund (absolutive)
From root 'dā' (to give) + 'ktvā' suffix. 'a-' is negative prefix.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dattvā)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - dattvā – having given
indeclinable
Gerund (absolutive)
From root 'dā' + 'ktvā' suffix.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Expresses an action preceding the main verb.
तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence.
एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these (the mentioned categories) (to these, for these (dative plural))
(pronoun)
Dative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Object of 'adattvā'.
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, beforehand (before, first, previously)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - prior, former, first, before
Root: pṛ (class 3)
Note: Functions as an adverb.
भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (he eats, he enjoys)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj
Present Middle
From root 'bhuj'.
Root: bhuj (class 7)
Note: The verb for "he who eats".
अविचक्षणः (avicakṣaṇaḥ) - unwise person (undiscerning, unwise, foolish)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avicakṣaṇa
avicakṣaṇa - indiscreet, unwise, lacking discernment
'a' (negation) + 'vicakṣaṇa' (wise, discerning).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vicakṣaṇa)
- a – not, un-, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - vicakṣaṇa – wise, discerning, clever
adjective (masculine)
From 'vi-cakṣ'
Prefix: vi
Root: cakṣ (class 2)
Note: Refers to the 'yaḥ' (the one who eats).
सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
भुञ्जानः (bhuñjānaḥ) - while eating (eating, enjoying)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhuñjāna
bhuñjāna - eating, enjoying, consuming
Present Middle Participle
From root 'bhuj' + 'śānac' suffix.
Root: bhuj (class 7)
Note: Describes the state of the subject while performing the main action.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
जानाति (jānāti) - does know (he knows, he understands)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā
Present Active
From root 'jñā'.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Main verb.
श्वगृध्राइः (śvagṛdhrāiḥ) - by dogs and vultures
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of śvagṛdhra
śvagṛdhra - dog and vulture
Compound type : dvandva (śvan+gṛdhra)
- śvan – dog
noun (masculine) - gṛdhra – vulture
noun (masculine)
Root: gṛdh (class 4)
Note: Agent of 'jagdhim'.
जग्धिम् (jagdhim) - the devouring (eating, devouring, consuming)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of jagdhi
jagdhi - eating, consumption, food
From root 'ghas' (to eat).
Root: ghas (class 1)
Note: Object of 'na jānāti'.
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own self (ātman) (of the self, of oneself)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, body
Root: an (class 2)
Note: Possessive, refers to the possessor of 'jagdhim'.