मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-149
न ब्राह्मणं परीक्षेत दैवे कर्मणि धर्मवित ।
पित्र्ये कर्मणि तु प्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः ॥१४९॥
पित्र्ये कर्मणि तु प्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः ॥१४९॥
149. na brāhmaṇaṁ parīkṣeta daive karmaṇi dharmavit ,
pitrye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ.
pitrye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ.
149.
na brāhmaṇaṃ parīkṣeta daive karmaṇi dharmavit
pitṛye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ
pitṛye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ
149.
dharmavit na brāhmaṇaṃ daive karmaṇi parīkṣeta
tu pitṛye karmaṇi prāpte prayatnataḥ parīkṣeta
tu pitṛye karmaṇi prāpte prayatnataḥ parīkṣeta
149.
A knower of the law (dharmavit) should not examine a brahmin during a Vedic ritual (daiva karmaṇi); but when a ritual for the ancestors (pitṛye karmaṇi) is to be performed, one should examine him carefully.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇaṁ) - a brahmin priest (brahmin, priest)
- परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should examine (examine, test, investigate)
- दैवे (daive) - Vedic (divine, pertaining to gods, Vedic)
- कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - ritual (action, deed, work, ritual)
- धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - one who knows the law (knower of dharma, righteous person)
- तु (tu) - but (but, and, however)
- पितृये (pitṛye) - for the ancestors (ancestral, pertaining to fathers)
- कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - ritual (action, deed, work, ritual)
- तु (tu) - but (but, and, however)
- प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when...is to be performed (obtained, arrived, occurred)
- परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - one should examine (examine, test, investigate)
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - carefully (with effort, diligently, carefully)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇaṁ) - a brahmin priest (brahmin, priest)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - brahmin, priest, relating to Brahma
Derived from brahman (neuter) meaning 'ultimate reality', 'priestly power'.
परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - should examine (examine, test, investigate)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parīkṣa
from pari-√īkṣa 'to look around'
Prefix: pari
Root: īkṣa (class 2)
Note: This form comes from the verb root √īkṣa meaning 'to see' with the prefix pari- and used in the optative mood (vidhiliṅ) to express a mild command or suggestion.
दैवे (daive) - Vedic (divine, pertaining to gods, Vedic)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of daiva
daiva - divine, pertaining to the gods, fate, auspicious, Vedic
Derived from deva 'god'.
Note: Modifies 'karmaṇi'.
कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - ritual (action, deed, work, ritual)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, ritual, result of action, fate
From the root kṛ 'to do, to make'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: In this context, it refers to a ritual.
धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - one who knows the law (knower of dharma, righteous person)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit
dharmavit - knower of dharma, righteous, learned in law
Compound of dharma 'law, duty, innate nature' and vit 'knower', from √vid 'to know'.
Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vit)
- dharma – law, duty, righteousness, virtue, innate nature, custom
noun (masculine) - vit – knower, understanding
noun (masculine)
Past Participle
From the root √vid 'to know'.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
तु (tu) - but (but, and, however)
(indeclinable)
पितृये (pitṛye) - for the ancestors (ancestral, pertaining to fathers)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of pitṛya
pitṛya - ancestral, belonging to the fathers, ritual for ancestors
Derived from pitṛ 'father'.
Note: Modifies 'karmaṇi'.
कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - ritual (action, deed, work, ritual)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, ritual, result of action, fate
From the root kṛ 'to do, to make'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: In this context, it refers to a ritual for the ancestors.
तु (tu) - but (but, and, however)
(indeclinable)
प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when...is to be performed (obtained, arrived, occurred)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of prāpta
prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, accomplished
Past Passive Participle
From the root √ap 'to obtain' with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: ap (class 4)
Note: Used here adverbially with 'karmaṇi' to mean 'when the ritual has arrived' or 'is to be performed'.
परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - one should examine (examine, test, investigate)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parīkṣa
from pari-√īkṣa 'to look around'
Prefix: pari
Root: īkṣa (class 2)
Note: This form comes from the verb root √īkṣa meaning 'to see' with the prefix pari- and used in the optative mood (vidhiliṅ) to express a mild command or suggestion.
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - carefully (with effort, diligently, carefully)
(indeclinable)
Instrumental singular of prayatna 'effort, exertion'.