मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-3, verse-280
रात्रौ श्राद्धं न कुर्वीत राक्षसी कीर्तिता हि सा ।
संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव सूर्ये चैवाचिरौदिते ॥२८०॥
संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव सूर्ये चैवाचिरौदिते ॥२८०॥
280. rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā ,
saṁdhyayorubhayoścaiva sūrye caivāciraudite.
saṁdhyayorubhayoścaiva sūrye caivāciraudite.
280.
rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā
sandhyayoḥ ubhayoḥ ca eva sūrye ca eva aciraudite
sandhyayoḥ ubhayoḥ ca eva sūrye ca eva aciraudite
280.
rātrau śrāddhaṁ na kurvīta,
hi sā rākṣasī kīrtitā; ca eva ubhayoḥ sandhyayoḥ,
ca eva aciraudite sūrye
hi sā rākṣasī kīrtitā; ca eva ubhayoḥ sandhyayoḥ,
ca eva aciraudite sūrye
280.
One should not perform a śrāddha at night (rātrau), for night is described as demonic (rākṣasī kīrtitā hi sā). Similarly, one should not perform it during the two twilight periods (sandhyayor ubhayoḥ), nor when the sun has just risen (sūrye ca eva aciraudite).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
- श्राद्धं (śrāddhaṁ) - a śrāddha (ritual for ancestors) (a funeral rite for ancestors)
- न (na) - not
- कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should perform (should do, should perform)
- राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - demonic (demonic, of a demon)
- कीर्तिता (kīrtitā) - is described (declared, proclaimed, celebrated)
- हि (hi) - for (indeed, truly, for)
- सा (sā) - it (referring to night) (she, that)
- सन्ध्ययोः (sandhyayoḥ) - during the two twilight periods (of the twilight periods)
- उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, truly, just)
- सूर्ये (sūrye) - at sunrise (in the sun, at sunrise)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - even (indeed, truly, just)
- अचिरौदिते (aciraudite) - when the sun has just risen (not yet risen, not long risen)
Words meanings and morphology
रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of rātra
rātra - night, nocturnal
श्राद्धं (śrāddhaṁ) - a śrāddha (ritual for ancestors) (a funeral rite for ancestors)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - related to faith, performed on faith, a funeral rite for ancestors (śrāddha)
Derived from śraddhā (faith).
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should perform (should do, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of kurvīta
Vidhi Liṅg
Vidhi Liṅg (optative of prohibition/command), 3rd person singular of √kṛ 'to do'.
Root: kṛ~ (class 8)
राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - demonic (demonic, of a demon)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of rākṣasa
rākṣasa - a demon, a goblin, a monster; demonic, monstrous
कीर्तिता (kīrtitā) - is described (declared, proclaimed, celebrated)
(participle)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kīrtita
kīrtita - mentioned, declared, celebrated, praised
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of √kṛt 'to cut, make' used in the sense of √kīrt 'to mention, declare'.
Root: kīrt~ (class 10)
हि (hi) - for (indeed, truly, for)
(indeclinable)
सा (sā) - it (referring to night) (she, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sa
sa - he, she, it, that
सन्ध्ययोः (sandhyayoḥ) - during the two twilight periods (of the twilight periods)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, dual of sandhyā
sandhyā - union, junction, twilight, evening, evening prayer
Derived from sam-√dhā 'to join, put together'.
Prefix: sam
Root: dhā~ (class 3)
Note: Refers to morning and evening twilight.
उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both
(adjective)
Genitive, neuter, dual of ubhaya
ubhaya - both, dual
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, truly, just)
(indeclinable)
सूर्ये (sūrye) - at sunrise (in the sun, at sunrise)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya
sūrya - sun
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - even (indeed, truly, just)
(indeclinable)
अचिरौदिते (aciraudite) - when the sun has just risen (not yet risen, not long risen)
(participle)
Locative, neuter, singular of aciraudita
aciraudita - not long risen, recently risen
Past Passive Participle
Negated form (a-) of ciram udita (risen after a long time), or simply not having risen for long. Compound of a- (not) + ciram (long) + udita (risen).
Prefix: a
Root: ud~ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the time just after sunrise.