मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-73
अध्येष्यमाणं तु गुरुर्नित्यकालमतन्द्रितः ।
अधीष्व भो इति ब्रूयाद विरामोऽस्त्विति चारमेत ॥७३॥
अधीष्व भो इति ब्रूयाद विरामोऽस्त्विति चारमेत ॥७३॥
73. adhyeṣyamāṇaṁ tu gururnityakālamatandritaḥ ,
adhīṣva bho iti brūyād virāmo'stviti cāramet.
adhīṣva bho iti brūyād virāmo'stviti cāramet.
73.
adhy-eṣyamāṇam tu guruḥ nitya-kālam a-tandritaḥ
adhīṣva bhoḥ iti brūyāt virāmaḥ astu iti ca āramet
adhīṣva bhoḥ iti brūyāt virāmaḥ astu iti ca āramet
73.
guruḥ tu nitya-kālam a-tandritaḥ adhy-eṣyamāṇam
adhīṣva bhoḥ iti brūyāt ca virāmaḥ astu iti āramet
adhīṣva bhoḥ iti brūyāt ca virāmaḥ astu iti āramet
73.
The teacher (guru), always diligent, should say to the student who is about to study, "O, study!", and when it is time to stop, he should say, "Let there be a pause."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अध्य्-एष्यमाणम् (adhy-eṣyamāṇam) - the student who is about to begin Vedic study (the one who is about to study; desirous of studying)
- तु (tu) - and, but, indeed
- गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher, preceptor
- नित्य-कालम् (nitya-kālam) - always, at all times, constantly
- अ-तन्द्रितः (a-tandritaḥ) - unwearied, diligent, alert
- अधीष्व (adhīṣva) - study! learn!
- भोः (bhoḥ) - a respectful address to a student (O! Sir!)
- इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say, may say
- विरामः (virāmaḥ) - cessation, pause, stop
- अस्तु (astu) - let it be; may it be
- इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)
- च (ca) - and, also
- आरमेत् (āramet) - should cease; should stop
Words meanings and morphology
अध्य्-एष्यमाणम् (adhy-eṣyamāṇam) - the student who is about to begin Vedic study (the one who is about to study; desirous of studying)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of adhy-eṣyamāṇa
adhy-eṣyamāṇa - about to study, desirous of studying
Present Middle Participle
Derived from the desiderative stem of root i (to go) with prefix adhi, using the śānac suffix.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
तु (tu) - and, but, indeed
(indeclinable)
गुरुः (guruḥ) - the teacher, preceptor
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
नित्य-कालम् (nitya-kālam) - always, at all times, constantly
(indeclinable)
Adverbial compound (often treated as a compound adverb).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (nitya+kāla)
- nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal
adjective (masculine) - kāla – time
noun (masculine)
अ-तन्द्रितः (a-tandritaḥ) - unwearied, diligent, alert
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of a-tandrita
a-tandrita - unwearied, diligent, alert
Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'tandrita' (wearied).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tandrita)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - tandrita – wearied, tired, lazy
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root tandṛ (to be weary, to be lazy).
Root: tandṛ (class 1)
अधीष्व (adhīṣva) - study! learn!
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of adhī
Imperative Mood, 2nd Person Singular
From root i (to go) with prefix adhi, in the middle voice.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
भोः (bhoḥ) - a respectful address to a student (O! Sir!)
(indeclinable)
A vocative particle or form of address.
इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - should say, may say
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū
Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular
From root brū, class 2, Parasmaipada.
Root: brū (class 2)
विरामः (virāmaḥ) - cessation, pause, stop
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of virāma
virāma - cessation, pause, rest, end
Derived from root ram (to stop) with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: ram (class 1)
अस्तु (astu) - let it be; may it be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as
Imperative Mood, 3rd Person Singular
From root as, class 2, Parasmaipada.
Root: as (class 2)
इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
आरमेत् (āramet) - should cease; should stop
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āram
Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular
From root ram (to stop) with prefix ā, class 1, Parasmaipada.
Prefix: ā
Root: ram (class 1)