मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-155
विप्राणां ज्ञानतो ज्यैष्ठ्यं क्षत्रियाणां तु वीर्यतः ।
वैश्यानां धान्यधनतः शूद्राणामेव जन्मतः ॥१५५॥
वैश्यानां धान्यधनतः शूद्राणामेव जन्मतः ॥१५५॥
155. viprāṇāṁ jñānato jyaiṣṭhyaṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ tu vīryataḥ ,
vaiśyānāṁ dhānyadhanataḥ śūdrāṇāmeva janmataḥ.
vaiśyānāṁ dhānyadhanataḥ śūdrāṇāmeva janmataḥ.
155.
viprāṇām jñānataḥ jyaiṣṭhyam kṣatriyāṇām tu vīryataḥ
vaiśyānām dhānyadhanataḥ śūdrāṇām eva janmataḥ
vaiśyānām dhānyadhanataḥ śūdrāṇām eva janmataḥ
155.
The superiority of Brahmins is due to knowledge, but for Kshatriyas, it is due to valor. For Vaishyas, it is due to grain and wealth, and for Shudras, it is indeed by birth (i.e., age).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of Brahmins, of inspired ones
- ज्ञानतः (jñānataḥ) - by knowledge, from knowledge, due to knowledge
- ज्यैष्ठ्यम् (jyaiṣṭhyam) - superiority, seniority, pre-eminence
- क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kshatriyas, of warriors
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- वीर्यतः (vīryataḥ) - by valor, by heroism, by strength
- वैश्यानाम् (vaiśyānām) - of Vaishyas, of merchants/farmers
- धान्यधनतः (dhānyadhanataḥ) - by grain and wealth, by agricultural produce and riches
- शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras, of the laboring class
- एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, solely
- जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by age (from birth) (by birth, from birth, according to birth (age))
Words meanings and morphology
विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of Brahmins, of inspired ones
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise, priest
ज्ञानतः (jñānataḥ) - by knowledge, from knowledge, due to knowledge
(indeclinable)
Tasil suffix (-tas) indicating source or cause.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Adverbial form.
ज्यैष्ठ्यम् (jyaiṣṭhyam) - superiority, seniority, pre-eminence
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jyaiṣṭhya
jyaiṣṭhya - superiority, pre-eminence, seniority, elder brother's right
Derived from jyeṣṭha (eldest/best) + ya (taddhita suffix for abstract noun)
Note: The word 'is' (asti) is implied.
क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of Kshatriyas, of warriors
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - Kshatriya (member of the warrior class), noble, regal
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle of contrast/emphasis.
वीर्यतः (vīryataḥ) - by valor, by heroism, by strength
(indeclinable)
Tasil suffix (-tas) indicating source or cause.
Note: Adverbial form.
वैश्यानाम् (vaiśyānām) - of Vaishyas, of merchants/farmers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of vaiśya
vaiśya - Vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer/producer class)
धान्यधनतः (dhānyadhanataḥ) - by grain and wealth, by agricultural produce and riches
(indeclinable)
Tasil suffix (-tas) indicating source or cause.
Compound type : dvandva (dhānya+dhana)
- dhānya – grain, corn, rice
noun (neuter)
Gerundive/Past Passive Participle of dhā- 'to bear, produce'
Root: dhā (class 3) - dhana – wealth, riches, property, money
noun (neuter)
Note: Adverbial form.
शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras, of the laboring class
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - Shudra (member of the laboring/service class)
एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, solely
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
जन्मतः (janmataḥ) - by age (from birth) (by birth, from birth, according to birth (age))
(indeclinable)
Tasil suffix (-tas) indicating source or cause.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Adverbial form, in this context refers to age as determined by birth order.