मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-23
कृष्णसारस्तु चरति मृगो यत्र स्वभावतः ।
स ज्ञेयो यज्ञियो देशो म्लेच्छदेशस्त्वतः परः ॥२३॥
स ज्ञेयो यज्ञियो देशो म्लेच्छदेशस्त्वतः परः ॥२३॥
23. kṛṣṇasārastu carati mṛgo yatra svabhāvataḥ ,
sa jñeyo yajñiyo deśo mlecchadeśastvataḥ paraḥ.
sa jñeyo yajñiyo deśo mlecchadeśastvataḥ paraḥ.
23.
kṛṣṇasāraḥ tu carati mṛgaḥ yatra svabhāvataḥ saḥ
jñeyaḥ yajñiyaḥ deśaḥ mlecchadeśaḥ tu ataḥ paraḥ
jñeyaḥ yajñiyaḥ deśaḥ mlecchadeśaḥ tu ataḥ paraḥ
23.
yatra kṛṣṇasāraḥ mṛgaḥ svabhāvataḥ carati,
saḥ deśaḥ yajñiyaḥ jñeyaḥ; tu ataḥ paraḥ mlecchadeśaḥ (asti)
saḥ deśaḥ yajñiyaḥ jñeyaḥ; tu ataḥ paraḥ mlecchadeśaḥ (asti)
23.
The region where the black antelope (kṛṣṇasāra) naturally roams is to be known as suitable for (Vedic) ritual (yajña); the land beyond that is barbarian (mleccha) territory.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कृष्णसारः (kṛṣṇasāraḥ) - black antelope
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- चरति (carati) - roams, moves, walks
- मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer, antelope (deer, animal)
- यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place
- स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - naturally, by its own nature
- सः (saḥ) - that (region) (that, he, it)
- ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known (to be known, knowable)
- यज्ञियः (yajñiyaḥ) - suitable for (Vedic) ritual (yajña), sacred
- देशः (deśaḥ) - region, country, place
- म्लेच्छदेशः (mlecchadeśaḥ) - barbarian (mleccha) territory (land of barbarians (mlecchas), foreign land)
- तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- अतः (ataḥ) - from this (place) (from this, therefore, thence)
- परः (paraḥ) - beyond (beyond, further, other, supreme)
Words meanings and morphology
कृष्णसारः (kṛṣṇasāraḥ) - black antelope
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇasāra
kṛṣṇasāra - black antelope, a species of deer (Antilope cervicapra)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛṣṇa+sāra)
- kṛṣṇa – black, dark, Krishna
adjective (masculine) - sāra – deer, antelope, essence, core
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'carati'.
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
चरति (carati) - roams, moves, walks
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car
Root: car (class 1)
मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - a deer, antelope (deer, animal)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga
mṛga - deer, antelope, wild animal, game
Note: Appositive to kṛṣṇasāraḥ.
यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place
(indeclinable)
Note: Locative adverb.
स्वभावतः (svabhāvataḥ) - naturally, by its own nature
(indeclinable)
Derived from svabhāva with the suffix -tas (ablative/adverbial).
Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+bhāva)
- sva – own, self
pronoun (masculine) - bhāva – being, state, nature, disposition
noun (masculine)
From root bhū- 'to be'.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Adverbial form.
सः (saḥ) - that (region) (that, he, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to 'deśaḥ'.
ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known (to be known, knowable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya
jñeya - to be known, knowable, perceptible
Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)
Derived from root jñā- 'to know' with suffix -eya.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'deśaḥ'.
यज्ञियः (yajñiyaḥ) - suitable for (Vedic) ritual (yajña), sacred
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yajñiya
yajñiya - relating to (Vedic) ritual (yajña), suitable for (Vedic) ritual (yajña), sacred
Derived from yajña with suffix -īya.
Note: Describes 'deśaḥ'.
देशः (deśaḥ) - region, country, place
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa
deśa - region, country, place, spot
Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.
म्लेच्छदेशः (mlecchadeśaḥ) - barbarian (mleccha) territory (land of barbarians (mlecchas), foreign land)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mlecchadeśa
mlecchadeśa - land of barbarians (mlecchas), foreign country, impure country
Compound type : tatpurusha (mleccha+deśa)
- mleccha – barbarian, foreigner, impure person
noun (masculine) - deśa – region, country, place
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.
तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
अतः (ataḥ) - from this (place) (from this, therefore, thence)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'idaṃ' (this) with suffix -tas.
Note: Indicates origin or point of reference.
परः (paraḥ) - beyond (beyond, further, other, supreme)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of para
para - beyond, further, other, supreme, highest
Note: Predicative adjective, 'what is beyond'.