मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-4
अकामस्य क्रिया का चिद दृश्यते नैह कर्हि चित ।
यद यद हि कुरुते किं चित तत तत कामस्य चेष्टितम ॥४॥
यद यद हि कुरुते किं चित तत तत कामस्य चेष्टितम ॥४॥
4. akāmasya kriyā kā cid dṛśyate naiha karhi cit ,
yad yad hi kurute kiṁ cit tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam.
yad yad hi kurute kiṁ cit tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam.
4.
akāmasya kriyā kā cit dṛśyate na iha karhi cit
yat yat hi kurute kiṃ cit tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam
yat yat hi kurute kiṃ cit tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam
4.
iha akāmasya kā cit kriyā na karhi cit dṛśyate hi
yat yat kiṃ cit kurute tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam
yat yat kiṃ cit kurute tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam
4.
No action whatsoever of one who is without desire (kāma) is ever seen here. For whatever little one undertakes, all that is an activity prompted by desire (kāma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अकामस्य (akāmasya) - of a desireless person, of one without desire
- क्रिया (kriyā) - action, activity, performance, rite
- का (kā) - what, which, any (feminine)
- चित् (cit) - with kā, means "any" (even, any (indefinite particle))
- दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears
- न (na) - not, no
- इह (iha) - here, in this world
- कर्हि (karhi) - when, ever, at any time
- चित् (cit) - combined with na and karhi to mean "never at all" (even, any (indefinite particle))
- यत् (yat) - what, which, that (neuter)
- यत् (yat) - what, which, that (neuter)
- हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
- कुरुते (kurute) - one does, performs
- किं (kiṁ) - combined with cit it implies 'a little bit of anything', hence 'whatever little' (what, anything)
- चित् (cit) - when combined with kiṃ, forms "whatever little" (even, any (indefinite particle))
- तत् (tat) - that, therefore (neuter)
- तत् (tat) - that, therefore (neuter)
- कामस्य (kāmasya) - of desire, belonging to desire
- चेष्टितम् (ceṣṭitam) - action, effort, activity, movement
Words meanings and morphology
अकामस्य (akāmasya) - of a desireless person, of one without desire
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of akāma
akāma - desireless, free from desire, having no object of desire
From a (negation) + kāma (desire)
Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+kāma)
- a – not, non-, un- (negating prefix)
indeclinable - kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
noun (masculine)
From root kam (to desire)
Root: kam (class 1)
Note: Possessive case, "of a desireless one".
क्रिया (kriyā) - action, activity, performance, rite
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kriyā
kriyā - action, activity, deed, rite, performance
From root kṛ (to do) + suffix ya
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject of dṛśyate.
का (kā) - what, which, any (feminine)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ka
ka - who, what, which, any
Interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
Note: Agrees with kriyā.
चित् (cit) - with kā, means "any" (even, any (indefinite particle))
(indeclinable)
Forms indefinite expressions with interrogative pronouns.
दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛś
Present passive indicative, 3rd person singular
From root dṛś (to see) in passive voice.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
इह (iha) - here, in this world
(indeclinable)
कर्हि (karhi) - when, ever, at any time
(indeclinable)
चित् (cit) - combined with na and karhi to mean "never at all" (even, any (indefinite particle))
(indeclinable)
Forms indefinite expressions with interrogative pronouns.
यत् (yat) - what, which, that (neuter)
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Functions as the object of kurute.
यत् (yat) - what, which, that (neuter)
(pronoun)
neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)
Note: Functions as the object of kurute.
हि (hi) - indeed, for, because
(indeclinable)
कुरुते (kurute) - one does, performs
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of kṛ
Present middle indicative, 3rd person singular
From root kṛ (to do), middle voice.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The implied subject is 'one'.
किं (kiṁ) - combined with cit it implies 'a little bit of anything', hence 'whatever little' (what, anything)
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kim
kim - what, which, why, anything
Interrogative/indefinite pronoun.
चित् (cit) - when combined with kiṃ, forms "whatever little" (even, any (indefinite particle))
(indeclinable)
Forms indefinite expressions with interrogative pronouns.
तत् (tat) - that, therefore (neuter)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.
तत् (tat) - that, therefore (neuter)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.
कामस्य (kāmasya) - of desire, belonging to desire
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of kāma
kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure, desired object
From root kam (to desire)
Root: kam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies ceṣṭitam.
चेष्टितम् (ceṣṭitam) - action, effort, activity, movement
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ceṣṭita
ceṣṭita - activity, effort, action, movement, gesture
Past Passive Participle
From root ceṣṭ (to move, to endeavor, to act)
Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative.