मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-157
यथा काष्ठमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः ।
यश्च विप्रोऽनधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नाम बिभ्रति ॥१५७॥
यश्च विप्रोऽनधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नाम बिभ्रति ॥१५७॥
157. yathā kāṣṭhamayo hastī yathā carmamayo mṛgaḥ ,
yaśca vipro'nadhīyānastrayaste nāma bibhrati.
yaśca vipro'nadhīyānastrayaste nāma bibhrati.
157.
yathā kāṣṭhamayaḥ hastī yathā carmamayaḥ mṛgaḥ
yaḥ ca vipraḥ anadhīyānaḥ trayaḥ te nāma bibhrati
yaḥ ca vipraḥ anadhīyānaḥ trayaḥ te nāma bibhrati
157.
Just as a wooden elephant and a leather deer are only in name, so too is a Brahmin who is unlearned. These three merely bear the name but lack the true essence.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how
- काष्ठमयः (kāṣṭhamayaḥ) - made of wood, wooden
- हस्ती (hastī) - elephant
- यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how
- चर्ममयः (carmamayaḥ) - made of leather, leather
- मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal, game
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- च (ca) - and, also
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, inspired one
- अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - unlearned, unstudied, ignorant
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- ते (te) - they, those
- नाम (nāma) - the name (but not the reality) (name, by name, indeed)
- बिभ्रति (bibhrati) - they merely bear the name (they bear, they carry, they sustain)
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how
(indeclinable)
Note: Correlative adverb.
काष्ठमयः (kāṣṭhamayaḥ) - made of wood, wooden
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāṣṭhamaya
kāṣṭhamaya - made of wood, wooden
Derived from kāṣṭha + mayaṭ (suffix for 'made of')
Compound type : tatpurusha (kāṣṭha+maya)
- kāṣṭha – wood, stick, log
noun (neuter) - maya – made of, consisting of
suffix
हस्ती (hastī) - elephant
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of hastin
hastin - elephant, having hands/trunks
Derived from hasta 'hand' + in (possessive suffix)
यथा (yathā) - just as, as, how
(indeclinable)
Note: Correlative adverb.
चर्ममयः (carmamayaḥ) - made of leather, leather
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of carmamaya
carmamaya - made of leather, leather
Derived from carman + mayaṭ (suffix for 'made of')
Compound type : tatpurusha (carman+maya)
- carman – skin, hide, leather
noun (neuter) - maya – made of, consisting of
suffix
मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal, game
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga
mṛga - deer, animal (especially wild), game
Root: mṛj (class 2)
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, inspired one
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise, priest
अनधीयानः (anadhīyānaḥ) - unlearned, unstudied, ignorant
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anadhīyāna
anadhīyāna - not studying, unlearned, ignorant
Present Middle Participle (negative)
Negation 'an-' of adhīyāna (from adhi-i 'to study')
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+adhīyāna)
- a – not, non-
prefix - adhīyāna – studying, learned
adjective (masculine)
Present Middle Participle
From adhi-i 'to study'
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Describes 'vipraḥ'.
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
Note: Refers to the wooden elephant, leather deer, and unlearned Brahmin.
ते (te) - they, those
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun referring to the three examples.
नाम (nāma) - the name (but not the reality) (name, by name, indeed)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman
nāman - name, appellation, fame, by name (adverbially)
बिभ्रति (bibhrati) - they merely bear the name (they bear, they carry, they sustain)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhṛ
Present Active
Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
Note: Implies bearing the name without the substance.