मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-49
भवत्पूर्वं चरेद भैक्षमुपनीतो द्विजोत्तमः ।
भवन्मध्यं तु राजन्यो वैश्यस्तु भवदुत्तरम ॥४९॥
भवन्मध्यं तु राजन्यो वैश्यस्तु भवदुत्तरम ॥४९॥
49. bhavatpūrvaṁ cared bhaikṣamupanīto dvijottamaḥ ,
bhavanmadhyaṁ tu rājanyo vaiśyastu bhavaduttaram.
bhavanmadhyaṁ tu rājanyo vaiśyastu bhavaduttaram.
49.
bhavatpūrvam caret bhaikṣam upanītaḥ dvijottamaḥ
bhavanmadhyam tu rājanyaḥ vaiśyaḥ tu bhavaduttaram
bhavanmadhyam tu rājanyaḥ vaiśyaḥ tu bhavaduttaram
49.
An initiated best of the twice-born (dvija) should collect alms with the word 'bhavat' at the beginning of his request. But a kṣatriya should use 'bhavat' in the middle, and a vaiśya at the end.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- भवत्पूर्वम् (bhavatpūrvam) - with the word 'bhavat' at the beginning (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' first/preceding)
- चरेत् (caret) - he should collect (alms) (he should move, he should perform, he should collect)
- भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begging, food obtained by begging
- उपनीतः (upanītaḥ) - one who has undergone the upanayana (initiation) ceremony (initiated, brought near, educated)
- द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - a brahmin (as the most excellent of the twice-born classes) (the best of the twice-born)
- भवन्मध्यम् (bhavanmadhyam) - with the word 'bhavat' in the middle (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' in the middle)
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a member of the kṣatriya (warrior) class (a kṣatriya, a prince)
- वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaiśya (member of the mercantile/agricultural class)
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
- भवदुत्तरम् (bhavaduttaram) - with the word 'bhavat' at the end (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' at the end/following)
Words meanings and morphology
भवत्पूर्वम् (bhavatpūrvam) - with the word 'bhavat' at the beginning (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' first/preceding)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavatpūrva
bhavatpūrva - having 'bhavat' first/preceding
Compound 'bhavat' (venerable, sir) + 'pūrva' (first, preceding)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhavat+pūrva)
- bhavat – you (honorific), venerable, sir
noun (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root bhū (to be, become)
Root: bhū (class 1) - pūrva – first, prior, preceding
adjective (masculine)
Note: Used adverbially here
चरेत् (caret) - he should collect (alms) (he should move, he should perform, he should collect)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of car
Root: car (class 1)
भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begging, food obtained by begging
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa
bhaikṣa - alms, begging, food obtained by begging
Derived from 'bhikṣā' (begging) or 'bhikṣu' (mendicant)
उपनीतः (upanītaḥ) - one who has undergone the upanayana (initiation) ceremony (initiated, brought near, educated)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of upanīta
upanīta - initiated, brought near, educated
Past Passive Participle
From root nī (to lead) with prefix upa-
Prefix: upa
Root: nī (class 1)
द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - a brahmin (as the most excellent of the twice-born classes) (the best of the twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama
dvijottama - the best of the twice-born (dvija)
Compound 'dvija' (twice-born) + 'uttama' (best, highest)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kṣatriya, or vaiśya who has undergone upanayana)
noun (masculine)
Compound 'dvi' (twice) + 'ja' (born)
Root: jan (class 4) - uttama – best, highest, excellent
adjective (masculine)
भवन्मध्यम् (bhavanmadhyam) - with the word 'bhavat' in the middle (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' in the middle)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavanmadhya
bhavanmadhya - having 'bhavat' in the middle
Compound 'bhavat' (venerable, sir) + 'madhya' (middle)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhavat+madhya)
- bhavat – you (honorific), venerable, sir
noun (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root bhū (to be, become)
Root: bhū (class 1) - madhya – middle, center
adjective (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially here
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a member of the kṣatriya (warrior) class (a kṣatriya, a prince)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājanya
rājanya - a kṣatriya, a prince, one belonging to the royal family
Derived from 'rājan' (king)
वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaiśya (member of the mercantile/agricultural class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a vaiśya (member of the mercantile, agricultural, or artisan class)
Derived from 'viś' (people, community)
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed
(indeclinable)
भवदुत्तरम् (bhavaduttaram) - with the word 'bhavat' at the end (of the alms request) (having 'bhavat' at the end/following)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavaduttara
bhavaduttara - having 'bhavat' at the end/following
Compound 'bhavat' (venerable, sir) + 'uttara' (later, following, last)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhavat+uttara)
- bhavat – you (honorific), venerable, sir
noun (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root bhū (to be, become)
Root: bhū (class 1) - uttara – later, subsequent, last, final
adjective (neuter)
Note: Used adverbially here