मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-165
तपोविशेषैर्विविधैर्व्रतैश्च विधिचोदितैः ।
वेदः कृत्स्नोऽधिगन्तव्यः सरहस्यो द्विजन्मना ॥१६५॥
वेदः कृत्स्नोऽधिगन्तव्यः सरहस्यो द्विजन्मना ॥१६५॥
165. tapoviśeṣairvividhairvrataiśca vidhicoditaiḥ ,
vedaḥ kṛtsno'dhigantavyaḥ sarahasyo dvijanmanā.
vedaḥ kṛtsno'dhigantavyaḥ sarahasyo dvijanmanā.
165.
tapoviśeṣaiḥ vividhaiḥ vrataiḥ ca vidhicoditaiḥ
vedaḥ kṛtsnaḥ adhigantavyaḥ sarahasyaḥ dvijanmanā
vedaḥ kṛtsnaḥ adhigantavyaḥ sarahasyaḥ dvijanmanā
165.
dvijanmanā vividhaiḥ tapoviśeṣaiḥ ca vidhicoditaiḥ
vrataiḥ sarahasyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ vedaḥ adhigantavyaḥ
vrataiḥ sarahasyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ vedaḥ adhigantavyaḥ
165.
Through various kinds of spiritual discipline (tapas) and observances prescribed by sacred rules, the entire Veda, including its esoteric doctrines, must be mastered by a twice-born person.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तपोविशेषैः (tapoviśeṣaiḥ) - various kinds of spiritual discipline (tapas) (by special austerities, by various ascetic practices)
- विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by manifold
- व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows, by observances, by sacred duties
- च (ca) - and
- विधिचोदितैः (vidhicoditaiḥ) - enjoined by sacred rules (by those enjoined by sacred rules, by scripture-prescribed)
- वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
- कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire, complete, whole
- अधिगन्तव्यः (adhigantavyaḥ) - must be mastered (should be learned, should be attained, to be acquired)
- सरहस्यः (sarahasyaḥ) - including its esoteric doctrines (with its secrets, including its esoteric doctrines)
- द्विजन्मना (dvijanmanā) - by a twice-born person (by the twice-born (person))
Words meanings and morphology
तपोविशेषैः (tapoviśeṣaiḥ) - various kinds of spiritual discipline (tapas) (by special austerities, by various ascetic practices)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapoviśeṣa
tapoviśeṣa - special austerity, particular penance
Tatpurusha compound: tapas (austerity) + viśeṣa (distinction, specific kind).
Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+viśeṣa)
- tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual discipline
noun (neuter)
From root √tap (to heat, suffer penance).
Root: tap (class 1) - viśeṣa – distinction, specific kind, particularity, difference
noun (masculine)
From vi- + √śiṣ (to distinguish).
Prefix: vi
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - by various, by manifold
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vividha
vividha - various, manifold, diverse
From vi- + vidha (kind, sort).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
व्रतैः (vrataiḥ) - by vows, by observances, by sacred duties
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of vrata
vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious duty, rule
From root √vṛ (to choose, to cover).
Root: vṛ (class 9)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
विधिचोदितैः (vidhicoditaiḥ) - enjoined by sacred rules (by those enjoined by sacred rules, by scripture-prescribed)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vidhicodita
vidhicodita - enjoined by sacred rules, commanded by scripture
Tatpurusha compound: vidhi (rule, ordinance) + codita (enjoined, impelled, Past Passive Participle of √cud).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vidhi+codita)
- vidhi – rule, ordinance, sacred injunction, method
noun (masculine)
From vi- + √dhā (to place, arrange).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3) - codita – enjoined, impelled, commanded
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root √cud (to impel, urge).
Root: cud (class 10)
Note: Agrees with vrataiḥ.
वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, knowledge
From root √vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire, complete, whole
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtsna
kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all
अधिगन्तव्यः (adhigantavyaḥ) - must be mastered (should be learned, should be attained, to be acquired)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhigantavya
adhigantavya - to be attained, to be acquired, to be learned
Gerundive
From adhi- + √gam (to go, attain) with suffix -tavya.
Prefix: adhi
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Agrees with vedaḥ.
सरहस्यः (sarahasyaḥ) - including its esoteric doctrines (with its secrets, including its esoteric doctrines)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sarahasya
sarahasya - with secrets, having secret meaning, esoteric
Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + rahasya (secret, mystery).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+rahasya)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - rahasya – secret, mystery, esoteric doctrine
noun (neuter)
From rahas (secret).
Note: Agrees with vedaḥ.
द्विजन्मना (dvijanmanā) - by a twice-born person (by the twice-born (person))
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dvijanman
dvijanman - twice-born (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya), bird
Bahuvrihi compound: dvi (two) + janman (birth).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+janman)
- dvi – two
numeral - janman – birth, origin, existence
noun (neuter)
From root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Agent of the passive gerundive adhigantavyaḥ.