मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-24
एतान्द्विजातयो देशान संश्रयेरन प्रयत्नतः ।
शूद्रस्तु यस्मिन कस्मिन वा निवसेद वृत्तिकर्शितः ॥२४॥
शूद्रस्तु यस्मिन कस्मिन वा निवसेद वृत्तिकर्शितः ॥२४॥
24. etāndvijātayo deśān saṁśrayeran prayatnataḥ ,
śūdrastu yasmin kasmin vā nivased vṛttikarśitaḥ.
śūdrastu yasmin kasmin vā nivased vṛttikarśitaḥ.
24.
etān dvijātayaḥ deśān saṃśrayeran prayatnataḥ
śūdraḥ tu yasmin kasmin vā nivased vṛttikarśitaḥ
śūdraḥ tu yasmin kasmin vā nivased vṛttikarśitaḥ
24.
dvijātayaḥ etān deśān prayatnataḥ saṃśrayeran;
tu vṛttikarśitaḥ śūdraḥ yasmin kasmin vā nivased
tu vṛttikarśitaḥ śūdraḥ yasmin kasmin vā nivased
24.
The twice-born (dvijāti) should carefully inhabit these regions. But a śūdra, if distressed by lack of livelihood, may reside in any place whatsoever.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एतान् (etān) - these
- द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas) (the twice-born)
- देशान् (deśān) - regions, countries
- संश्रयेरन् (saṁśrayeran) - they should resort to, they should inhabit
- प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (member of the fourth social class)
- तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which (place)
- कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which (place)
- वा (vā) - or, and
- निवसेद् (nivased) - may dwell, should reside
- वृत्तिकर्शितः (vṛttikarśitaḥ) - distressed by lack of livelihood (distressed by livelihood, oppressed by lack of means of subsistence)
Words meanings and morphology
एतान् (etān) - these
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Refers to 'deśān'.
द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas) (the twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti
dvijāti - twice-born (a member of the three upper social classes: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)
- dvi – two
numeral - jāti – birth, origin, class, caste
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'saṃśrayeran'.
देशान् (deśān) - regions, countries
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of deśa
deśa - region, country, place, spot
Note: Direct object of 'saṃśrayeran'.
संश्रयेरन् (saṁśrayeran) - they should resort to, they should inhabit
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of saṃśrī
Prefix: sam
Root: śrī (class 1)
प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - with effort, diligently, carefully
(indeclinable)
Derived from prayatna with the suffix -tas (ablative/adverbial).
Prefix: pra
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: Adverbial form indicating manner.
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra (member of the fourth social class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth social class in ancient India, serving the other three classes
Note: Subject of 'nivased'.
तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which (place)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Forms part of the correlative 'yasmin kasmin vā'.
कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which (place)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kim
kim - who, what, which
Note: Forms part of the correlative 'yasmin kasmin vā', indicating 'any'.
वा (vā) - or, and
(indeclinable)
निवसेद् (nivased) - may dwell, should reside
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of nivas
Prefix: ni
Root: vas (class 1)
वृत्तिकर्शितः (vṛttikarśitaḥ) - distressed by lack of livelihood (distressed by livelihood, oppressed by lack of means of subsistence)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛttikarśita
vṛttikarśita - distressed by (lack of) livelihood, deprived of subsistence
Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (vṛttyā karśita) (vṛtti+karśita)
- vṛtti – livelihood, means of subsistence, conduct
noun (feminine)
From root vṛt- 'to be, exist'.
Root: vṛt (class 1) - karśita – emaciated, distressed, afflicted
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root kṛś- 'to be lean, distress' (causative form karśayati).
Root: kṛś (class 4)
Note: Describes 'śūdraḥ'.