मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-65
केशान्तः षोडशे वर्षे ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
राजन्यबन्धोर्द्वाविंशे वैश्यस्य द्व्यधिके मतः ॥६५॥
राजन्यबन्धोर्द्वाविंशे वैश्यस्य द्व्यधिके मतः ॥६५॥
65. keśāntaḥ ṣoḍaśe varṣe brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate ,
rājanyabandhordvāviṁśe vaiśyasya dvyadhike mataḥ.
rājanyabandhordvāviṁśe vaiśyasya dvyadhike mataḥ.
65.
keśāntaḥ ṣoḍaśe varṣe brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate
rājanyabandhoḥ dvāviṃśe vaiśyasya dvi adhike mataḥ
rājanyabandhoḥ dvāviṃśe vaiśyasya dvi adhike mataḥ
65.
The `keśānta` (first haircut) ritual for a brahmin is prescribed in the sixteenth year. For a kṣatriya (rājanyabandhu), it is considered proper in the twenty-second year, and for a vaiśya, in the twenty-fourth year.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- केशान्तः (keśāntaḥ) - the ritual haircut ceremony marking the end of childhood for a student (end of hair, first shaving of the head (ritual))
- षोडशे (ṣoḍaśe) - in the sixteenth year of age (in the sixteenth)
- वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year of age (in the year, in the rain)
- ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - belonging to the brahmin social class (of a brahmin)
- विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is formally instructed or established (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)
- राजन्यबन्धोः (rājanyabandhoḥ) - of a member of the kṣatriya social class (of a kṣatriya, of a kinsman of a king)
- द्वाविंशे (dvāviṁśe) - in the twenty-second year of age (in the twenty-second)
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - belonging to the vaiśya social class (of a vaiśya)
- द्वि (dvi) - two (more) (two)
- अधिके (adhike) - two years more (than the kṣatriya's age). This implies 22 + 2 = 24. (in addition, more, excessive)
- मतः (mataḥ) - is deemed appropriate (considered, opined, thought)
Words meanings and morphology
केशान्तः (keśāntaḥ) - the ritual haircut ceremony marking the end of childhood for a student (end of hair, first shaving of the head (ritual))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of keśānta
keśānta - end of hair, tonsure ceremony, ritual haircut
From keśa (hair) + anta (end).
Compound type : tatpurusha (keśa+anta)
- keśa – hair (of the head)
noun (masculine) - anta – end, limit, boundary
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of `vidhīyate`.
षोडशे (ṣoḍaśe) - in the sixteenth year of age (in the sixteenth)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of ṣoḍaśa
ṣoḍaśa - sixteenth
From ṣaṭ (six) + daśan (ten).
वर्षे (varṣe) - in the year of age (in the year, in the rain)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of varṣa
varṣa - year, rain, monsoon
Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - belonging to the brahmin social class (of a brahmin)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - relating to Brahman, a brahmin, sacred text
Derived from brahman (sacred knowledge/power, also the ultimate reality).
विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is formally instructed or established (is prescribed, is ordained, is performed)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā
Passive voice.
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
राजन्यबन्धोः (rājanyabandhoḥ) - of a member of the kṣatriya social class (of a kṣatriya, of a kinsman of a king)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājanyabandhu
rājanyabandhu - kinsman of a king, a nominal kṣatriya, a kṣatriya
From rājanya (royal, a kṣatriya) + bandhu (kinsman).
Compound type : tatpurusha (rājanya+bandhu)
- rājanya – kingly, royal, a kṣatriya
noun (masculine)
Derived from rājan 'king'. - bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
noun (masculine)
द्वाविंशे (dvāviṁśe) - in the twenty-second year of age (in the twenty-second)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of dvāviṃśa
dvāviṁśa - twenty-second
From dvā (two) + viṃśati (twenty).
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - belonging to the vaiśya social class (of a vaiśya)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - belonging to the viś (people), a vaiśya
Derived from viś (people, settlement).
द्वि (dvi) - two (more) (two)
(numeral)
Note: It forms `dvyadhike` by sandhi `i + a -> ya`.
अधिके (adhike) - two years more (than the kṣatriya's age). This implies 22 + 2 = 24. (in addition, more, excessive)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of adhika
adhika - exceeding, abundant, more, additional
From adhi (prefix) + ka (suffix for adjectives).
Note: Refers to 'two more [years]'.
मतः (mataḥ) - is deemed appropriate (considered, opined, thought)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mata
mata - thought, considered, approved, desired, doctrine
Past Passive Participle
From root man (to think).
Root: man (class 4)
Note: Used as predicate here.