मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-156
न तेन वृद्धो भवति येनास्य पलितं शिरः ।
यो वै युवाऽप्यधीयानस्तं देवाः स्थविरं विदुः ॥१५६॥
यो वै युवाऽप्यधीयानस्तं देवाः स्थविरं विदुः ॥१५६॥
156. na tena vṛddho bhavati yenāsya palitaṁ śiraḥ ,
yo vai yuvā'pyadhīyānastaṁ devāḥ sthaviraṁ viduḥ.
yo vai yuvā'pyadhīyānastaṁ devāḥ sthaviraṁ viduḥ.
156.
na tena vṛddhaḥ bhavati yena asya palitam śiraḥ yaḥ
vai yuvā api adhīyānaḥ tam devāḥ sthaviram viduḥ
vai yuvā api adhīyānaḥ tam devāḥ sthaviram viduḥ
156.
One does not become old merely because one's head is gray. Rather, he who, though young, is learned in scriptures, him the gods consider to be an elder.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- तेन (tena) - merely by that (by that, with that, by him)
- वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - an old person, an elder (old, aged, grown, increased)
- भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists
- येन (yena) - by which, because of which
- अस्य (asya) - of him, his
- पलितम् (palitam) - gray-haired, gray (hair)
- शिरः (śiraḥ) - head
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely
- युवा (yuvā) - young, youthful, a young man
- अपि (api) - although, though (also, even, although)
- अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - learned in scriptures (studying, learned, well-read)
- तम् (tam) - him, that
- देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities
- स्थविरम् (sthaviram) - an elder, a venerable person (old, aged, firm, an elder)
- विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they consider
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
तेन (tena) - merely by that (by that, with that, by him)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the gray hair mentioned later.
वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - an old person, an elder (old, aged, grown, increased)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha
vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, revered
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vṛdh- 'to grow'
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Present Active
Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice
Root: bhū (class 1)
येन (yena) - by which, because of which
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
अस्य (asya) - of him, his
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun used possessively.
पलितम् (palitam) - gray-haired, gray (hair)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of palita
palita - gray-haired, aged, grayness of hair
Derived from root pal- 'to be gray, to become old'
Root: pal (class 1)
शिरः (śiraḥ) - head
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras
śiras - head, top, peak
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
युवा (yuvā) - young, youthful, a young man
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan
yuvan - young, youthful, a young man
अपि (api) - although, though (also, even, although)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects with 'yuvā' to mean 'though young'.
अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - learned in scriptures (studying, learned, well-read)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhīyāna
adhīyāna - studying, reading, learned, one who has studied
Present Middle Participle
Derived from root i- 'to go' with prefix adhi-. Present participle, middle voice, nominative singular masculine.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Describes 'yaḥ'.
तम् (tam) - him, that
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers back to 'yaḥ'.
देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of deva
deva - god, deity, divine, celestial
Root: div (class 4)
स्थविरम् (sthaviram) - an elder, a venerable person (old, aged, firm, an elder)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sthavira
sthavira - old, aged, ancient, firm, stable, an elder
Root: sthā (class 1)
विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they consider
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid
Perfect Active
Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (irregular verb)
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: From root 'vid' meaning 'to know'.