मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-103
न तिष्ठति तु यः पूर्वां नौपास्ते यश्च पश्चिमाम ।
स शूद्रवद बहिष्कार्यः सर्वस्माद द्विजकर्मणः ॥१०३॥
स शूद्रवद बहिष्कार्यः सर्वस्माद द्विजकर्मणः ॥१०३॥
103. na tiṣṭhati tu yaḥ pūrvāṁ naupāste yaśca paścimām ,
sa śūdravad bahiṣkāryaḥ sarvasmād dvijakarmaṇaḥ.
sa śūdravad bahiṣkāryaḥ sarvasmād dvijakarmaṇaḥ.
103.
na tiṣṭhati tu yaḥ pūrvām na upāste yaḥ ca paścimām
sa śūdravat bahiskāryaḥ sarvasmāt dvijakarmaṇaḥ
sa śūdravat bahiskāryaḥ sarvasmāt dvijakarmaṇaḥ
103.
tu yaḥ pūrvām na tiṣṭhati ca yaḥ paścimām na upāste
sa śūdravat sarvasmāt dvijakarmaṇaḥ bahiskāryaḥ
sa śūdravat sarvasmāt dvijakarmaṇaḥ bahiskāryaḥ
103.
But whoever does not stand for the morning twilight (sandhyā) and does not worship for the evening (sandhyā), he should be excluded like a śūdra from all duties (karma) of a twice-born (dvija).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
- तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands (for prayer) (stands, remains, stays, exists)
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)
- यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))
- पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - morning (twilight) (eastern, prior, former, first, earlier, morning)
- न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
- उपास्ते (upāste) - worships (the twilight deity) (worships, serves, attends, sits near)
- यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - evening (twilight) (western, later, last, evening)
- स (sa) - he (that person) (he, that)
- शूद्रवत् (śūdravat) - like a (śūdra) (like a śūdra, in the manner of a śūdra)
- बहिस्कार्यः (bahiskāryaḥ) - should be excluded (to be excluded, to be put outside)
- सर्वस्मात् (sarvasmāt) - from all (from all, from everything)
- द्विजकर्मणः (dvijakarmaṇaḥ) - from the duties (karma) of a twice-born (dvija) (from the action/duty of a twice-born)
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb
तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands (for prayer) (stands, remains, stays, exists)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Implied subject 'yaḥ'
तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle indicating contrast
यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun
पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - morning (twilight) (eastern, prior, former, first, earlier, morning)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrva
pūrva - eastern, prior, former, first, earlier, morning
Note: Qualifies implied 'sandhyām'
न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the verb
उपास्ते (upāste) - worships (the twilight deity) (worships, serves, attends, sits near)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upās
Prefix: upa
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: Verb, ātmanepada
यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, what (relative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction
पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - evening (twilight) (western, later, last, evening)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of paścima
paścima - western, later, last, evening
Note: Qualifies implied 'sandhyām'
स (sa) - he (that person) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'
शूद्रवत् (śūdravat) - like a (śūdra) (like a śūdra, in the manner of a śūdra)
(indeclinable)
Derived from śūdra + vat (suffix for similarity)
Note: Adverbial usage
बहिस्कार्यः (bahiskāryaḥ) - should be excluded (to be excluded, to be put outside)
(gerundive)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahis+kārya)
- bahis – outside, externally
indeclinable - kārya – to be done, to be made, a duty, an action
gerundive (masculine)
Gerundive
From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Predicative adjective for 'sa'
सर्वस्मात् (sarvasmāt) - from all (from all, from everything)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Qualifies 'dvijakarmaṇaḥ'
द्विजकर्मणः (dvijakarmaṇaḥ) - from the duties (karma) of a twice-born (dvija) (from the action/duty of a twice-born)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of dvijakarman
dvijakarman - duty/action of a twice-born
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+karman)
- dvija – twice-born, brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya, bird, tooth
noun (masculine)
Compound of 'dvi' (twice) and 'ja' (born) - karman – action, deed, work, ritual, duty, fate (karma)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Governed by 'bahiskāryaḥ'