मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-159
अहिंसयैव भूतानां कार्यं श्रेयोऽनुशासनम ।
वाक चैव मधुरा श्लक्ष्णा प्रयोज्या धर्ममिच्छता ॥१५९॥
वाक चैव मधुरा श्लक्ष्णा प्रयोज्या धर्ममिच्छता ॥१५९॥
159. ahiṁsayaiva bhūtānāṁ kāryaṁ śreyo'nuśāsanam ,
vāk caiva madhurā ślakṣṇā prayojyā dharmamicchatā.
vāk caiva madhurā ślakṣṇā prayojyā dharmamicchatā.
159.
ahiṃsayā eva bhūtānām kāryam śreyaḥ anuśāsanam vāk
ca eva madhurā ślakṣṇā prayojyā dharmam icchatā
ca eva madhurā ślakṣṇā prayojyā dharmam icchatā
159.
bhūtānām ahiṃsayā eva śreyaḥ anuśāsanam kāryam ca
eva dharmam icchatā madhurā ślakṣṇā vāk prayojyā
eva dharmam icchatā madhurā ślakṣṇā vāk prayojyā
159.
Only through non-violence towards living beings should beneficial instruction be imparted. And by one desiring to uphold natural law (dharma), speech that is sweet and gentle should always be used.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अहिंसया (ahiṁsayā) - through non-violence (by non-violence, with non-injury)
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures
- कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be imparted (in the sense of an action) (should be done, is to be done, duty, work)
- श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial (better, more excellent, beneficial, welfare)
- अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - instruction (instruction, teaching, command, discipline)
- वाक् (vāk) - speech, voice, word
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet (referring to speech) (sweet, pleasant, charming)
- श्लक्ष्णा (ślakṣṇā) - gentle (referring to speech) (smooth, gentle, soft, delicate)
- प्रयोज्या (prayojyā) - should be employed, should be used, fit to be applied
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue)
- इच्छता (icchatā) - by one wishing, by one desiring
Words meanings and morphology
अहिंसया (ahiṁsayā) - through non-violence (by non-violence, with non-injury)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā
ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness
Compound: a (neg.) + hiṃsā (injury)
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+hiṃsā)
- a – not, un-, without
indeclinable
Negative prefix - hiṃsā – injury, harm, violence
noun (feminine)
From root hiṃs (to injure)
Root: hiṃs (class 7)
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, element, past
Past Passive Participle
From root bhū (to be)
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Can also be masculine/feminine for living beings.
कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be imparted (in the sense of an action) (should be done, is to be done, duty, work)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya
kārya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, business, work
Gerundive
Derived from root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with anuśāsanam
श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - beneficial (better, more excellent, beneficial, welfare)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas
śreyas - better, best, excellent, happiness, welfare, good fortune
Comparative of praśasya (excellent)
Note: Agrees with anuśāsanam
अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - instruction (instruction, teaching, command, discipline)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anuśāsana
anuśāsana - instruction, teaching, command, discipline, precept
From root śās (to teach, command) with prefix anu
Prefix: anu
Root: śās (class 2)
वाक् (vāk) - speech, voice, word
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc
vāc - speech, voice, word, language
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
मधुरा (madhurā) - sweet (referring to speech) (sweet, pleasant, charming)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of madhura
madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, agreeable
Note: Agrees with vāk
श्लक्ष्णा (ślakṣṇā) - gentle (referring to speech) (smooth, gentle, soft, delicate)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ślakṣṇa
ślakṣṇa - smooth, gentle, soft, delicate, refined
Note: Agrees with vāk
प्रयोज्या (prayojyā) - should be employed, should be used, fit to be applied
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of prayojya
prayojya - to be employed, to be used, fit to be applied
Gerundive
From root yuj (to join) with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: yuj (class 7)
Note: Agrees with vāk
धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
इच्छता (icchatā) - by one wishing, by one desiring
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat
icchat - wishing, desiring
Present Active Participle
From root iṣ (to wish, desire)
Root: iṣ (class 6)