मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-185
सर्वं वापि चरेद ग्रामं पूर्वौक्तानामसंभवे ।
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचमभिशस्तांस्तु वर्जयेत ॥१८५॥
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचमभिशस्तांस्तु वर्जयेत ॥१८५॥
185. sarvaṁ vāpi cared grāmaṁ pūrvauktānāmasaṁbhave ,
niyamya prayato vācamabhiśastāṁstu varjayet.
niyamya prayato vācamabhiśastāṁstu varjayet.
185.
sarvam vā api caret grāmam pūrvoktānām asaṃbhave
niyamya prayataḥ vācam abhishastān tu varjayet
niyamya prayataḥ vācam abhishastān tu varjayet
185.
vā pūrvoktānām asaṃbhave api sarvam grāmam caret
niyamya prayataḥ vācam tu abhishastān varjayet
niyamya prayataḥ vācam tu abhishastān varjayet
185.
Or, if the previously mentioned (sources of alms) are unavailable, one may even wander through the entire village. Being self-controlled and restraining one's speech, one should (however) avoid those who are condemned.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - even, also
- चरेत् (caret) - go about begging for alms (one should wander/go)
- ग्रामम् (grāmam) - village
- पूर्वोक्तानाम् (pūrvoktānām) - of the suitable houses mentioned in previous verses (of those mentioned before)
- असंभवे (asaṁbhave) - when the previously mentioned sources of alms are unavailable (in case of non-availability/impossibility)
- नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled
- प्रयतः (prayataḥ) - self-controlled, attentive
- वाचम् (vācam) - speech
- अभिस्हस्तान् (abhishastān) - the condemned, the cursed
- तु (tu) - but, however
- वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - shun or avoid certain people (one should avoid)
Words meanings and morphology
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, entire
Note: Qualifies grāmam.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes 'even the whole village'.
चरेत् (caret) - go about begging for alms (one should wander/go)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car
optative
3rd person singular optative active, root car
Root: car (class 1)
ग्रामम् (grāmam) - village
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of grāma
grāma - village, community
Note: Object of caret.
पूर्वोक्तानाम् (pūrvoktānām) - of the suitable houses mentioned in previous verses (of those mentioned before)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pūrvokta
pūrvokta - previously said, aforesaid, before-mentioned
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'pūrva' (former) and 'ukta' (said), from vac.
Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+ukta)
- pūrva – prior, former
adjective (masculine) - ukta – said, spoken
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root vac
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Refers to the suitable houses mentioned in previous verses.
असंभवे (asaṁbhave) - when the previously mentioned sources of alms are unavailable (in case of non-availability/impossibility)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhava
asaṁbhava - non-existence, impossibility, non-occurrence, non-availability
Negation of 'saṃbhava' (possibility, existence, availability).
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+saṃbhava)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - saṃbhava – coming together, birth, possibility, availability
noun (masculine)
From root bhū with prefix sam-
Prefix: sam
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Locative of condition: 'when there is non-availability'.
नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled
(indeclinable)
absolutive
Absolutive (gerund) form from root yam with prefix ni-
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Functions as an adverbial modifier.
प्रयतः (prayataḥ) - self-controlled, attentive
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prayata
prayata - self-controlled, restrained, attentive, pure, concentrated
Past Passive Participle
From root yam 'to restrain' with prefix pra-
Prefix: pra
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the implied subject (brahmacārī).
वाचम् (vācam) - speech
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc
vāc - speech, voice, word
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Object of niyamya.
अभिस्हस्तान् (abhishastān) - the condemned, the cursed
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of abhishasta
abhishasta - cursed, denounced, condemned, accused
Past Passive Participle
From root śas 'to curse/accuse' with prefix abhi-
Prefix: abhi
Root: śas (class 2)
Note: Object of varjayet.
तु (tu) - but, however
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction indicating contrast.
वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - shun or avoid certain people (one should avoid)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛj
optative
3rd person singular optative active (causative stem varj-), root vṛj
Root: vṛj (class 1)