मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-62
हृद्गाभिः पूयते विप्रः कण्ठगाभिस्तु भूमिपः ।
वैश्योऽद्भिः प्राशिताभिस्तु शूद्रः स्पृष्टाभिरन्ततः ॥६२॥
वैश्योऽद्भिः प्राशिताभिस्तु शूद्रः स्पृष्टाभिरन्ततः ॥६२॥
62. hṛdgābhiḥ pūyate vipraḥ kaṇṭhagābhistu bhūmipaḥ ,
vaiśyo'dbhiḥ prāśitābhistu śūdraḥ spṛṣṭābhirantataḥ.
vaiśyo'dbhiḥ prāśitābhistu śūdraḥ spṛṣṭābhirantataḥ.
62.
hṛdgābhiḥ pūyate vipraḥ kaṇṭhagābhiḥ tu bhūmipaḥ
vaiśyaḥ adbhiḥ prāśitābhiḥ tu śūdraḥ spṛṣṭābhiḥ antataḥ
vaiśyaḥ adbhiḥ prāśitābhiḥ tu śūdraḥ spṛṣṭābhiḥ antataḥ
62.
A brahmin (vipra) is purified by waters that reach the heart; a king by those that reach the throat; a vaiśya by waters that are drunk; and a śūdra, finally, by those that are merely touched.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- हृद्गाभिः (hṛdgābhiḥ) - by waters that are drunk until they reach the heart (by waters reaching the heart, by that which has gone to the heart)
- पूयते (pūyate) - becomes ritually pure (is purified, becomes pure)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the brahmin social class (a brahmin, an inspired one, a sage)
- कण्ठगाभिः (kaṇṭhagābhiḥ) - by waters that are drunk until they reach the throat (by waters reaching the throat, by that which has gone to the throat)
- तु (tu) - but, indicating a distinction (but, on the other hand, however)
- भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king (member of the kṣatriya class) (a protector of the earth, a king)
- वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a member of the vaiśya social class (a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))
- अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - by means of water (for purification) (by waters, with waters)
- प्राशिताभिः (prāśitābhiḥ) - by waters that have been drunk (consumed) (by those drunk, by those eaten/consumed)
- तु (tu) - but, indicating a distinction (but, on the other hand, however)
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the śūdra social class (a śūdra (member of the servant class))
- स्पृष्टाभिः (spṛṣṭābhiḥ) - by waters that are merely touched (by those touched, by those contacted)
- अन्ततः (antataḥ) - finally, at the lowest degree (of purification) (finally, at the end, lastly)
Words meanings and morphology
हृद्गाभिः (hṛdgābhiḥ) - by waters that are drunk until they reach the heart (by waters reaching the heart, by that which has gone to the heart)
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of hṛdgā
hṛdgā - reaching the heart, going to the heart
From hṛd (heart) + gam (to go) + ḍa (suffix forming agent noun/adjective) + ṭāp (feminine suffix).
Compound type : tatpurusha (hṛd+gā)
- hṛd – heart, mind, soul
noun (neuter) - gā – going, moving, reaching
adjective (feminine)
Derived from root gam 'to go'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Refers to 'adbhiḥ' (waters) implied.
पूयते (pūyate) - becomes ritually pure (is purified, becomes pure)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pū
Passive voice.
Root: pū (class 1)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the brahmin social class (a brahmin, an inspired one, a sage)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - brahmin, inspired, wise, sage
From root vip (to tremble, to be inspired).
Root: vip
कण्ठगाभिः (kaṇṭhagābhiḥ) - by waters that are drunk until they reach the throat (by waters reaching the throat, by that which has gone to the throat)
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of kaṇṭhagā
kaṇṭhagā - reaching the throat, going to the throat
From kaṇṭha (throat) + gam (to go) + ḍa (suffix forming agent noun/adjective) + ṭāp (feminine suffix).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kaṇṭha+gā)
- kaṇṭha – throat, neck
noun (masculine) - gā – going, moving, reaching
adjective (feminine)
Derived from root gam 'to go'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Refers to 'adbhiḥ' (waters) implied.
तु (tu) - but, indicating a distinction (but, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
भूमिपः (bhūmipaḥ) - a king (member of the kṣatriya class) (a protector of the earth, a king)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa
bhūmipa - protector of the earth, king
From bhūmi (earth) + pa (protector, ruler).
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+pa)
- bhūmi – earth, ground, soil
noun (feminine) - pa – protector, ruler, drinking
noun (masculine)
From root pā 'to protect' or 'to drink'. Here 'protector'.
Root: pā (class 2)
वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a member of the vaiśya social class (a vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - belonging to the viś (people), a vaiśya
Derived from viś (people, settlement).
अद्भिः (adbhiḥ) - by means of water (for purification) (by waters, with waters)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of ap
ap - water
`ap` is a feminine noun, always plural.
प्राशिताभिः (prāśitābhiḥ) - by waters that have been drunk (consumed) (by those drunk, by those eaten/consumed)
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of prāśita
prāśita - drunk, eaten, consumed
Past Passive Participle
From pra (prefix) + root aś (to eat, to consume, to drink).
Prefix: pra
Root: aś (class 5)
तु (tu) - but, indicating a distinction (but, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a member of the śūdra social class (a śūdra (member of the servant class))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth varṇa, a servant
स्पृष्टाभिः (spṛṣṭābhiḥ) - by waters that are merely touched (by those touched, by those contacted)
(adjective)
Instrumental, feminine, plural of spṛṣṭa
spṛṣṭa - touched, contacted, affected
Past Passive Participle
From root spṛś (to touch).
Root: spṛś (class 6)
अन्ततः (antataḥ) - finally, at the lowest degree (of purification) (finally, at the end, lastly)
(indeclinable)
Derived from anta (end) + tasi (suffix indicating 'from').