मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-12
वेदः स्मृतिः सदाचारः स्वस्य च प्रियमात्मनः ।
एतच्चतुर्विधं प्राहुः साक्षाद धर्मस्य लक्षणम ॥१२॥
एतच्चतुर्विधं प्राहुः साक्षाद धर्मस्य लक्षणम ॥१२॥
12. vedaḥ smṛtiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ca priyamātmanaḥ ,
etaccaturvidhaṁ prāhuḥ sākṣād dharmasya lakṣaṇam.
etaccaturvidhaṁ prāhuḥ sākṣād dharmasya lakṣaṇam.
12.
vedaḥ smṛtiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ca priyam ātmanaḥ
etat caturvidham prāhuḥ sākṣāt dharmasya lakṣaṇam
etat caturvidham prāhuḥ sākṣāt dharmasya lakṣaṇam
12.
vedaḥ smṛtiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ātmanaḥ ca priyam
etat caturvidham dharmasya sākṣāt lakṣaṇam prāhuḥ
etat caturvidham dharmasya sākṣāt lakṣaṇam prāhuḥ
12.
The Veda, the traditional texts (smṛti), the conduct of virtuous people, and what is agreeable to one's own inner self (ātman) – these four, they declare to be the direct characteristics of the natural law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda (revealed texts) (knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda)
- स्मृतिः (smṛtiḥ) - remembered texts (traditional scriptures like Dharmaśāstras, Purāṇas) (memory, tradition, remembered text, law-text)
- सदाचारः (sadācāraḥ) - virtuous conduct, good custom
- स्वस्य (svasya) - of oneself, of one's own
- च (ca) - and, also
- प्रियम् (priyam) - agreeable, pleasing, dear
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to one's own inner self (of the self, to the self, by the self)
- एतत् (etat) - these four (this, these)
- चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - four-fold, of four kinds
- प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare, they say
- साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, immediately, visibly
- धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law or moral order (of dharma, of law, of righteousness)
- लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, sign, mark
Words meanings and morphology
वेदः (vedaḥ) - the Veda (revealed texts) (knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
From root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
स्मृतिः (smṛtiḥ) - remembered texts (traditional scriptures like Dharmaśāstras, Purāṇas) (memory, tradition, remembered text, law-text)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of smṛti
smṛti - memory, recollection, tradition, a class of sacred writings (Dharmaśāstras, Purāṇas, Itihāsa)
From root smṛ (to remember) + suffix -ti
Root: smṛ (class 1)
सदाचारः (sadācāraḥ) - virtuous conduct, good custom
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sadācāra
sadācāra - good conduct, virtuous practice, established custom
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+ācāra)
- sat – good, virtuous, true, real
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root as (to be)
Root: as (class 2) - ācāra – conduct, custom, practice, behavior
noun (masculine)
From root car (to move) with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
स्वस्य (svasya) - of oneself, of one's own
(pronoun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of sva
sva - one's own, self, peculiar to oneself
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
प्रियम् (priyam) - agreeable, pleasing, dear
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of priya
priya - dear, beloved, agreeable, pleasing
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to one's own inner self (of the self, to the self, by the self)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, the individual soul, the Supreme Soul (brahman)
एतत् (etat) - these four (this, these)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)
चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - four-fold, of four kinds
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of caturvidha
caturvidha - four-fold, of four kinds
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+vidha)
- catur – four
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they declare, they say
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of praāh
Root ah (to say) with prefix pra, perfect tense, 3rd person plural
Prefix: pra
Root: ah (class 2)
साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, immediately, visibly
(indeclinable)
धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law or moral order (of dharma, of law, of righteousness)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, moral merit, virtue
From root dhṛ (to sustain, uphold) + suffix -ma
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, sign, mark
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa
lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute
From root lakṣ (to perceive, mark)
Root: lakṣ (class 1)