मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-128
अवाच्यो दीक्षितो नाम्ना यवीयानपि यो भवेत ।
भोभवत्पूर्वकं त्वेनमभिभाषेत धर्मवित ॥१२८॥
भोभवत्पूर्वकं त्वेनमभिभाषेत धर्मवित ॥१२८॥
128. avācyo dīkṣito nāmnā yavīyānapi yo bhavet ,
bhobhavatpūrvakaṁ tvenamabhibhāṣeta dharmavit.
bhobhavatpūrvakaṁ tvenamabhibhāṣeta dharmavit.
128.
avācyaḥ dīkṣitaḥ nāmnā yavīyān api yaḥ bhavet
bho bhavat-pūrvakam tu enam abhibhāṣeta dharmavit
bho bhavat-pūrvakam tu enam abhibhāṣeta dharmavit
128.
yaḥ dīkṣitaḥ yavīyān api bhavet saḥ nāmnā avācyaḥ
tu dharmavit enam bho bhavat-pūrvakam abhibhāṣeta
tu dharmavit enam bho bhavat-pūrvakam abhibhāṣeta
128.
One who is initiated (dīkṣita), even if he is younger, should not be addressed by name. Instead, a person who knows the moral law (dharma) should address him with terms like 'bho' or 'bhavat' as a prefix.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अवाच्यः (avācyaḥ) - should not be addressed (by name) (not to be spoken, not to be addressed, unutterable)
- दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - one who is initiated/consecrated (for a ritual) (initiated, consecrated, prepared for a ritual)
- नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name
- यवीयान् (yavīyān) - even if he is younger (younger, very young)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
- भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be (may be, should be, would be)
- भो (bho) - 'bho' (a term of address) (O!, Sir! (vocative particle))
- भवत्-पूर्वकम् (bhavat-pūrvakam) - with 'bhavat' as a prefix (a term of address) (preceded by 'bhavat', with 'bhavat' as a prefix)
- तु (tu) - instead, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
- एनम् (enam) - him (the initiated person) (him, this one)
- अभिभाषेत (abhibhāṣeta) - one should address (one should address, one should speak to)
- धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - a person who knows the moral law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)
Words meanings and morphology
अवाच्यः (avācyaḥ) - should not be addressed (by name) (not to be spoken, not to be addressed, unutterable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avācya
avācya - not to be spoken, unutterable, not proper to be addressed
Gerundive
Compound: neg. 'a-' + 'vācya' (from root 'vac' to speak + '-ya' suffix)
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vācya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - vācya – to be spoken, expressible, proper to be spoken
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
From root 'vac' (to speak) + '-ya' suffix
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Implies impropriety or prohibition.
दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - one who is initiated/consecrated (for a ritual) (initiated, consecrated, prepared for a ritual)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dīkṣita
dīkṣita - initiated, consecrated, prepared for a solemn ceremony or sacrifice
Past Passive Participle
From root 'dīkṣ' (to prepare for consecration, to initiate)
Root: dīkṣ (class 1)
नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman
nāman - name, appellation, noun
यवीयान् (yavīyān) - even if he is younger (younger, very young)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan
yuvan - young, youthful, a youth
Comparative adjective
Comparative form of 'yuvan' (young), suffix '-īyas'
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.
यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ya
ya - who, which, what
भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be (may be, should be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū
Root 'bhū' (class 1), optative mood, active voice
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Expresses possibility or injunction.
भो (bho) - 'bho' (a term of address) (O!, Sir! (vocative particle))
(indeclinable)
भवत्-पूर्वकम् (bhavat-pūrvakam) - with 'bhavat' as a prefix (a term of address) (preceded by 'bhavat', with 'bhavat' as a prefix)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhavat-pūrvaka
bhavat-pūrvaka - preceded by 'bhavat', having 'bhavat' as the first part
Compound of 'bhavat' and 'pūrvaka'
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhavat+pūrvaka)
- bhavat – your honor, sir, you (polite address)
pronoun (masculine)
Present Active Participle
From root 'bhū' (to be), used as a respectful pronoun/noun
Root: bhū (class 1) - pūrvaka – preceded by, having as a prefix, former, initial
adjective (masculine)
From 'pūrva' (before)
Note: Functions adverbially, describing the manner of addressing.
तु (tu) - instead, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Introduces a contrasting idea.
एनम् (enam) - him (the initiated person) (him, this one)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of enad
enad - this, that, him, her, it
Note: Anaphoric pronoun, referring to the `dīkṣitaḥ`.
अभिभाषेत (abhibhāṣeta) - one should address (one should address, one should speak to)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of abhibhāṣ
From 'abhi-' (towards) + root 'bhāṣ' (to speak), optative mood, middle voice
Prefix: abhi
Root: bhāṣ (class 1)
Note: Indicates a prescriptive rule of conduct.
धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - a person who knows the moral law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid
dharmavid - knower of dharma, righteous, skilled in law and duty
Compound of 'dharma' and 'vid' (knower)
Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)
- dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, moral law, religious ordinance
noun (masculine)
From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - vid – knowing, knower, wise
adjective (masculine)
From root 'vid' (to know), used as a suffix to denote 'knower of'
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Refers to an expert in sacred law and customs.