मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-140
उपनीय तु यः शिष्यं वेदमध्यापयेद द्विजः ।
सकल्पं सरहस्यं च तमाचार्यं प्रचक्षते ॥१४०॥
सकल्पं सरहस्यं च तमाचार्यं प्रचक्षते ॥१४०॥
140. upanīya tu yaḥ śiṣyaṁ vedamadhyāpayed dvijaḥ ,
sakalpaṁ sarahasyaṁ ca tamācāryaṁ pracakṣate.
sakalpaṁ sarahasyaṁ ca tamācāryaṁ pracakṣate.
140.
upanīya tu yaḥ śiṣyam vedam adhyāpayet dvijaḥ
sakalpam sarahasyam ca tam ācāryam pracakṣate
sakalpam sarahasyam ca tam ācāryam pracakṣate
140.
The brahmin (dvija) who, after performing the initiation (upanayana) of a student, teaches him the Veda, including its ritual precepts (kalpa) and its esoteric aspects (rahasya), is declared to be an *ācārya* (ācārya).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपनीय (upanīya) - having performed the initiation ceremony (upanayana) (having led near, having initiated (into Vedic study))
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple
- वेदम् (vedam) - the sacred texts of the Veda (the Veda)
- अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - he should teach, he causes to study
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (dvija) (a brahmin, a twice-born)
- सकल्पम् (sakalpam) - including its ritual precepts (kalpa) (together with its ritual rules (*kalpa*))
- सरहस्यम् (sarahasyam) - including its esoteric aspects (rahasya) (together with its esoteric meanings/secrets)
- च (ca) - and
- तम् (tam) - that teacher (who performs the initiation and teaches) (him)
- आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - a spiritual teacher (ācārya) (a teacher, spiritual guide (*ācārya*))
- प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they call, they declare
Words meanings and morphology
उपनीय (upanīya) - having performed the initiation ceremony (upanayana) (having led near, having initiated (into Vedic study))
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from prefix upa + root nī (to lead) + -ya suffix
Prefix: upa
Root: nī (class 1)
तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet
(indeclinable)
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Relative pronoun.
शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣya
śiṣya - student, pupil, disciple
Gerundive
From root śās (to teach, discipline) + -ya suffix; literally 'one to be taught'.
Root: śās (class 2)
वेदम् (vedam) - the sacred texts of the Veda (the Veda)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
From root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - he should teach, he causes to study
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of adhyāpay
Causative
From prefix adhi + root i (to go/study) with causative suffix -āpaya.
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (dvija) (a brahmin, a twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after upanayana; also a bird, a tooth, a snake)
Compound: dvi (two) + ja (born)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced from
adjective
From root jan (to be born) + -a suffix
Root: jan (class 4)
सकल्पम् (sakalpam) - including its ritual precepts (kalpa) (together with its ritual rules (*kalpa*))
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sakalpa
sakalpa - with *kalpa*, together with ritual precepts
Avyayībhāva compound (sa- as "with") or Bahuvrīhi. Here adverbial accusative.
Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+kalpa)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable (prefix) - kalpa – rule, ritual precept, sacred precept; possibility
noun (masculine)
From root kḷp (to be in order)
Root: kḷp (class 1)
Note: Functions adverbially here.
सरहस्यम् (sarahasyam) - including its esoteric aspects (rahasya) (together with its esoteric meanings/secrets)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sarahasya
sarahasya - with secrets, with esoteric doctrines
Avyayībhāva compound (sa- as "with") or Bahuvrīhi. Here adverbial accusative.
Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+rahasya)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable (prefix) - rahasya – secret, mystery, esoteric doctrine
noun (neuter)
From rahas (privacy, secrecy) + -ya
Note: Functions adverbially here.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
तम् (tam) - that teacher (who performs the initiation and teaches) (him)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, him
Demonstrative pronoun.
आचार्यम् (ācāryam) - a spiritual teacher (ācārya) (a teacher, spiritual guide (*ācārya*))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ācārya
ācārya - a spiritual teacher, preceptor, instructor (who performs upanayana and teaches Veda)
From ā + car (to move, practice) + -ya (suffix)
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they call, they declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ
From prefix pra + root cakṣ (to see, say).
Prefix: pra
Root: cakṣ (class 2)