मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-44
कार्पासमुपवीतं स्याद विप्रस्यौर्ध्ववृतं त्रिवृत ।
शणसूत्रमयं राज्ञो वैश्यस्याविकसौत्रिकम ॥४४॥
शणसूत्रमयं राज्ञो वैश्यस्याविकसौत्रिकम ॥४४॥
44. kārpāsamupavītaṁ syād viprasyaurdhvavṛtaṁ trivṛt ,
śaṇasūtramayaṁ rājño vaiśyasyāvikasautrikam.
śaṇasūtramayaṁ rājño vaiśyasyāvikasautrikam.
44.
kārpāsam upavītam syāt viprasya ūrdhva-vṛtam trivṛt
śaṇa-sūtra-mayam rājñaḥ vaiśyasya āvika-sautrikam
śaṇa-sūtra-mayam rājñaḥ vaiśyasya āvika-sautrikam
44.
viprasya kārpāsam upavītam ūrdhva-vṛtam trivṛt syāt.
rājñaḥ śaṇa-sūtra-mayam.
vaiśyasya āvika-sautrikam.
rājñaḥ śaṇa-sūtra-mayam.
vaiśyasya āvika-sautrikam.
44.
For a brahmin, the sacred thread (upavīta) should be made of cotton, threefold, and twisted upwards (clockwise). For a kṣatriya, it should be made of hempen thread, and for a vaiśya, of woolen thread.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कार्पासम् (kārpāsam) - made of cotton, cotton
- उपवीतम् (upavītam) - sacred thread (upavīta) (sacred thread, a garland)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
- विप्रस्य (viprasya) - for a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin)
- ऊर्ध्व-वृतम् (ūrdhva-vṛtam) - twisted upwards, twisted clockwise
- त्रिवृत् (trivṛt) - threefold, consisting of three
- शण-सूत्र-मयम् (śaṇa-sūtra-mayam) - made of hempen threads
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - for a kṣatriya (of a king, of a ruler, of a kṣatriya)
- वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a vaiśya (of a vaiśya, for a vaiśya)
- आविक-सौत्रिकम् (āvika-sautrikam) - made of woolen thread
Words meanings and morphology
कार्पासम् (kārpāsam) - made of cotton, cotton
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kārpāsa
kārpāsa - cotton, cotton plant
Note: Nominative singular, functioning as an adjective for upavītam.
उपवीतम् (upavītam) - sacred thread (upavīta) (sacred thread, a garland)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of upavīta
upavīta - sacred thread, garland, worn, invested with the sacred thread
N. of action from upa-ve (to weave)
Prefix: upa
Root: vī (class 1)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Optative mood, 3rd person singular
Root as, Parasmaipada, Optative, 3rd singular
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Expresses a prescriptive command.
विप्रस्य (viprasya) - for a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired, wise
Note: Indicates possession or relation.
ऊर्ध्व-वृतम् (ūrdhva-vṛtam) - twisted upwards, twisted clockwise
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ūrdhva-vṛta
ūrdhva-vṛta - twisted upwards, turned upwards
Compound type : tatpurusha (ūrdhva+vṛta)
- ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated
indeclinable - vṛta – turned, twisted, revolved
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vṛt (to turn)
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Nominative singular, qualifying upavītam.
त्रिवृत् (trivṛt) - threefold, consisting of three
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of trivṛt
trivṛt - threefold, consisting of three, triple
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+vṛt)
- tri – three
numeral - vṛt – turn, revolve, exist
root
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Nominative singular, qualifying upavītam.
शण-सूत्र-मयम् (śaṇa-sūtra-mayam) - made of hempen threads
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śaṇa-sūtra-maya
śaṇa-sūtra-maya - made of hempen threads
Adjective derived from the compound noun śaṇa-sūtra (hemp-thread) with the suffix -maya.
Compound type : tatpurusha (śaṇa+sūtra)
- śaṇa – hemp
noun (masculine) - sūtra – thread, string
noun (neuter)
Note: Nominative singular, qualifying implied upavītam.
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - for a kṣatriya (of a king, of a ruler, of a kṣatriya)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, kṣatriya
Note: Indicates relation, "for the king/kṣatriya".
वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a vaiśya (of a vaiśya, for a vaiśya)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the merchant and agricultural class
Note: Indicates relation.
आविक-सौत्रिकम् (āvika-sautrikam) - made of woolen thread
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āvika-sautrika
āvika-sautrika - made of wool-thread
Compound of āvika (woolen) and sautrika (thread-made)
Compound type : tatpurusha (āvika+sautrika)
- āvika – woolen, made of sheep's wool
adjective (masculine)
Derived from avi (sheep) - sautrika – made of thread, relating to thread
adjective (masculine)
Derived from sūtra (thread)
Note: Nominative singular, qualifying implied upavītam.