मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-149
अल्पं वा बहु वा यस्य श्रुतस्यौपकरोति यः ।
तमपीह गुरुं विद्यात्श्रुतौपक्रियया तया ॥१४९॥
तमपीह गुरुं विद्यात्श्रुतौपक्रियया तया ॥१४९॥
149. alpaṁ vā bahu vā yasya śrutasyaupakaroti yaḥ ,
tamapīha guruṁ vidyātśrutaupakriyayā tayā.
tamapīha guruṁ vidyātśrutaupakriyayā tayā.
149.
alpam vā bahu vā yasya śrutasya upakaroti yaḥ
tam api iha gurum vidyāt śrutaupakriyayā tayā
tam api iha gurum vidyāt śrutaupakriyayā tayā
149.
He who helps another's knowledge, whether it be little or much, one should acknowledge even him as a spiritual teacher (guru) in this world, by that act of service to knowledge.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अल्पम् (alpam) - a small amount (of knowledge) (little, small, few)
- वा (vā) - or
- बहु (bahu) - a large amount (of knowledge) (much, many, great)
- वा (vā) - or
- यस्य (yasya) - refers to the person whose knowledge is being helped (whose, of whom)
- श्रुतस्य (śrutasya) - of knowledge, of what is heard, of learning
- उपकरोति (upakaroti) - helps, benefits, renders service
- यः (yaḥ) - who, he who
- तम् (tam) - refers to 'he who helps' (him, that one)
- अपि (api) - even, also
- इह (iha) - here, in this world
- गुरुम् (gurum) - spiritual teacher (guru) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
- श्रुतौपक्रियया (śrutaupakriyayā) - by that service to knowledge, by that act of helping in learning
- तया (tayā) - refers to 'that service to knowledge' (śrutaupakriyayā) (by that, by her)
Words meanings and morphology
अल्पम् (alpam) - a small amount (of knowledge) (little, small, few)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of alpa
alpa - small, little, few, insignificant
Note: Modifies an implied 'śrutam'.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
बहु (bahu) - a large amount (of knowledge) (much, many, great)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu
bahu - much, many, abundant
Note: Modifies an implied 'śrutam'.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
यस्य (yasya) - refers to the person whose knowledge is being helped (whose, of whom)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who, he who
Relative pronoun.
Note: Possessive, agreeing with the implicit subject (of knowledge) or directly relating to a person.
श्रुतस्य (śrutasya) - of knowledge, of what is heard, of learning
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of śruta
śruta - heard, learned, knowledge, sacred tradition
Past Passive Participle
from śru (to hear)
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Possessive, related to upakaroti.
उपकरोति (upakaroti) - helps, benefits, renders service
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upakṛ
from upa-kṛ
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject is yaḥ.
यः (yaḥ) - who, he who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who, he who
Relative pronoun.
तम् (tam) - refers to 'he who helps' (him, that one)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Object of vidyāt. Corresponds to yaḥ.
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
Particle.
इह (iha) - here, in this world
(indeclinable)
Adverb of place.
गुरुम् (gurum) - spiritual teacher (guru) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of guru
guru - heavy, weighty, important, venerable, teacher, preceptor
Note: Predicate object of vidyāt.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid
optative mood
root class 2, parasmaipada
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Implying 'one should'.
श्रुतौपक्रियया (śrutaupakriyayā) - by that service to knowledge, by that act of helping in learning
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrutaupakriyā
śrutaupakriyā - service rendered to knowledge, helping in learning
compound of śruta and upakriyā
Compound type : tatpurusha (śruta+upakriyā)
- śruta – heard, learning, knowledge
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from śru
Root: śru (class 5) - upakriyā – help, service, benefit
noun (feminine)
from upa-kṛ
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तया (tayā) - refers to 'that service to knowledge' (śrutaupakriyayā) (by that, by her)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Agrees with śrutaupakriyayā.