मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-191
चोदितो गुरुणा नित्यमप्रचोदित एव वा ।
कुर्यादध्ययने यत्नमाचार्यस्य हितेषु च ॥१९१॥
कुर्यादध्ययने यत्नमाचार्यस्य हितेषु च ॥१९१॥
191. codito guruṇā nityamapracodita eva vā ,
kuryādadhyayane yatnamācāryasya hiteṣu ca.
kuryādadhyayane yatnamācāryasya hiteṣu ca.
191.
coditaḥ guruṇā nityam apracoditaḥ eva vā
kuryāt adhyayane yatnam ācāryasya hiteṣu ca
kuryāt adhyayane yatnam ācāryasya hiteṣu ca
191.
guruṇā nityam coditaḥ vā apracoditaḥ eva
adhyayane ca ācāryasya hiteṣu yatnam kuryāt
adhyayane ca ācāryasya hiteṣu yatnam kuryāt
191.
A student should always make an effort in their studies and in things beneficial to their teacher (guru), whether constantly prompted by the teacher (guru) or not.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चोदितः (coditaḥ) - prompted (urged, prompted, impelled)
- गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher (guru) (by the teacher, by the elder)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)
- अप्रचोदितः (apracoditaḥ) - not prompted (not urged, not prompted)
- एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just, certainly)
- वा (vā) - or (or, either)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make (should do, should make, should perform)
- अध्ययने (adhyayane) - in study (in study, in learning)
- यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)
- आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the teacher (guru) (of the teacher, of the preceptor)
- हितेषु (hiteṣu) - in things beneficial (to the teacher) (in beneficial things, in welfare)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
चोदितः (coditaḥ) - prompted (urged, prompted, impelled)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of codita
codita - urged, prompted, impelled, commanded
Past Passive Participle
From root cud (to urge, impel)
Root: cud (class 1)
Note: Refers to the student (implied subject).
गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the teacher (guru) (by the teacher, by the elder)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, elder, heavy, important, venerable
Note: Agent of the past passive participle 'coditaḥ'.
नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial accusative of nitya.
अप्रचोदितः (apracoditaḥ) - not prompted (not urged, not prompted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of apracodita
apracodita - not urged, not prompted, uncommanded
Past Passive Participle
Negative prefix 'a' + root 'cud' with prefix 'pra'
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pracodita)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - pracodita – urged, prompted, impelled
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root cud (to urge) with prefix pra
Prefix: pra
Root: cud (class 1)
Note: Parallel to 'coditaḥ'.
एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just, certainly)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or (or, either)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used with 'eva' to mean 'or even'.
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should make (should do, should make, should perform)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Implied subject is a student.
अध्ययने (adhyayane) - in study (in study, in learning)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of adhyayana
adhyayana - study, learning, reading, recitation (especially of Vedas)
From root i (to go) with prefixes adhi + a.
Prefixes: adhi+a
Root: i (class 2)
यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (effort, exertion, endeavor)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna
yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt, care
From root yat (to strive, endeavor) + na
Root: yat (class 1)
Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.
आचार्यस्य (ācāryasya) - of the teacher (guru) (of the teacher, of the preceptor)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ācārya
ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide
From ā + car (to move, behave) + ṇya
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Possessive for 'hiteṣu'.
हितेषु (hiteṣu) - in things beneficial (to the teacher) (in beneficial things, in welfare)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, plural of hita
hita - beneficial, advantageous, good, welfare, well-being
Past Passive Participle
From root dhā (to place) + i.
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Plural neuter, referring to 'things beneficial'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)