मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-122
अभिवादात परं विप्रो ज्यायांसमभिवादयन ।
असौ नामाहमस्मीति स्वं नाम परिकीर्तयेत ॥१२२॥
असौ नामाहमस्मीति स्वं नाम परिकीर्तयेत ॥१२२॥
122. abhivādāt paraṁ vipro jyāyāṁsamabhivādayan ,
asau nāmāhamasmīti svaṁ nāma parikīrtayet.
asau nāmāhamasmīti svaṁ nāma parikīrtayet.
122.
abhivādāt param vipraḥ jyāyāṃsam abhivādayan
asau nāma aham asmi iti svam nāma parikīrtayeta
asau nāma aham asmi iti svam nāma parikīrtayeta
122.
After saluting an elder, a brahmin (vipra) should declare his own name by saying, "I am called so-and-so."
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अभिवादात् (abhivādāt) - after the act of saluting (from salutation, after saluting, after bowing)
- परम् (param) - subsequently; after the salutation (after, subsequently, then, later)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the brahmin (vipra) varna (a brahmin, a sage, a learned person, twice-born)
- ज्यायांसम् (jyāyāṁsam) - an elder person (an elder, a superior, one who is older or more respected)
- अभिवादयन् (abhivādayan) - while performing the action of saluting (saluting, causing to salute, reverencing)
- असौ (asau) - this (person, referring to oneself), as in "this 'I'" (he, she, it, this, that (remote demonstrative pronoun))
- नाम (nāma) - by name; serves to introduce a name (name, by name, indeed)
- अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular pronoun) (I)
- अस्मि (asmi) - I am
- इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech "asau nāma aham asmi" (thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech)
- स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, his own)
- नाम (nāma) - his name (name)
- परिकीर्तयेत (parikīrtayeta) - should speak out his name (should proclaim, should declare, should utter)
Words meanings and morphology
अभिवादात् (abhivādāt) - after the act of saluting (from salutation, after saluting, after bowing)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of abhivāda
abhivāda - salutation, greeting, bowing, respectful address
From prefix `abhi-` + root `vad` (to speak)
Prefix: abhi
Root: vad (class 1)
परम् (param) - subsequently; after the salutation (after, subsequently, then, later)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial usage.
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the brahmin (vipra) varna (a brahmin, a sage, a learned person, twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - inspired, wise, a sage, a Brahmin, a priest, learned
From root `vip` (to tremble, to be inspired)
Root: vip
ज्यायांसम् (jyāyāṁsam) - an elder person (an elder, a superior, one who is older or more respected)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of jyāyāṃs
jyāyāṁs - elder, superior, older, better, stronger (comparative of vṛddha or praśasya)
Comparative form
अभिवादयन् (abhivādayan) - while performing the action of saluting (saluting, causing to salute, reverencing)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivādayat
abhivādayat - saluting, causing to salute, reverencing
Present Active Participle
From causative of `abhi-` + root `vad` (to speak), + `śatṛ` suffix
Prefix: abhi
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Expresses an action concurrent with the main verb.
असौ (asau) - this (person, referring to oneself), as in "this 'I'" (he, she, it, this, that (remote demonstrative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine/feminine, singular of adas
adas - that, this, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Often used in the phrase 'asau nāma' meaning 'so-and-so by name'.
नाम (nāma) - by name; serves to introduce a name (name, by name, indeed)
(noun)
neuter, singular of nāman
nāman - name, appellation, noun, fame
Note: Here adverbial, meaning 'by name'.
अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular pronoun) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I (first person singular pronoun)
अस्मि (asmi) - I am
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as
Present Indicative
Root `as`, `lat`, `parasmaipada`
Root: as (class 2)
इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech "asau nāma aham asmi" (thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech)
(indeclinable)
स्वम् (svam) - his own (one's own, his own)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sva
sva - one's own, peculiar, inherent, self
नाम (nāma) - his name (name)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman
nāman - name, appellation, noun, fame
Note: Object of 'parikīrtayeta'.
परिकीर्तयेत (parikīrtayeta) - should speak out his name (should proclaim, should declare, should utter)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of parikīrtayet
Optative Mood
From prefix `pari-` + root `kīrt` (to mention, to praise), causative stem. Optative, 3rd person singular, `ātmanepada`.
Prefix: pari
Root: kīrt (class 10)
Note: Here, the ending suggests `ātmanepada`, which is common for verbs expressing actions done for oneself.