मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-161
नारुंतुदः स्यादार्तोऽपि न परद्रोहकर्मधीः ।
ययाऽस्योद्विजते वाचा नालोक्यां तामुदीरयेत ॥१६१॥
ययाऽस्योद्विजते वाचा नालोक्यां तामुदीरयेत ॥१६१॥
161. nāruṁtudaḥ syādārto'pi na paradrohakarmadhīḥ ,
yayā'syodvijate vācā nālokyāṁ tāmudīrayet.
yayā'syodvijate vācā nālokyāṁ tāmudīrayet.
161.
na aruṃtudaḥ syāt ārtaḥ api na para-droha-karma-dhīḥ
yayā asya udvijate vācā na alokyām tām udīrayet
yayā asya udvijate vācā na alokyām tām udīrayet
161.
ārtaḥ api aruṃtudaḥ na syāt na para-droha-karma-dhīḥ
yayā vācā asya udvijate alokyām tām na udīrayet
yayā vācā asya udvijate alokyām tām na udīrayet
161.
One should not be a tormentor, even when distressed, nor should one's intellect be inclined towards acts of harming others (karma). One should not utter speech by which another person is agitated, nor that which is unwholesome.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- अरुंतुदः (aruṁtudaḥ) - tormentor, pain-inflictor, wounder
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, let it be
- आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- न (na) - not, no
- पर-द्रोह-कर्म-धीः (para-droha-karma-dhīḥ) - intellect inclined towards acts of harming others (karma) (intellect intent on acts of harming others)
- यया (yayā) - by which
- अस्य (asya) - another person (of him/her, by this)
- उद्विजते (udvijate) - is agitated, trembles, is disturbed
- वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with speech
- न (na) - not, no
- अलोक्याम् (alokyām) - unwholesome (unwholesome, unacceptable, not to be seen/regarded)
- ताम् (tām) - that
- उदीरयेत् (udīrayet) - should utter, should speak
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अरुंतुदः (aruṁtudaḥ) - tormentor, pain-inflictor, wounder
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aruṃtuda
aruṁtuda - tormentor, pain-inflictor, wounder
Compound: arum (wound) + tuda (causing pain)
Compound type : tatpurusha (arus+tuda)
- arus – wound, sore, pain
noun (neuter) - tuda – piercing, pain-inflicting, tormenting
adjective (masculine)
From root tud (to pierce, pain)
Root: tud (class 6)
स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, let it be
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
Optative Mood, Active Voice
From root as (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, afflicted, suffering
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta
ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained
Past Passive Participle
From root ṛ (to go, move, suffer)
Root: ṛ (class 3)
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
पर-द्रोह-कर्म-धीः (para-droha-karma-dhīḥ) - intellect inclined towards acts of harming others (karma) (intellect intent on acts of harming others)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of para-droha-karma-dhī
para-droha-karma-dhī - mind/intellect intent on harming others
Bahuvrihi compound: whose mind (dhī) is on actions (karma) of harming (droha) others (para).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (para+droha+karma+dhī)
- para – other, another, supreme
pronoun (masculine) - droha – injury, malice, treachery, harm
noun (masculine)
From root druh (to injure, hate)
Root: druh (class 4) - karma – action, deed, work, effect of actions
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - dhī – intellect, mind, thought, understanding
noun (feminine)
Note: The entire compound acts as a noun in the nominative.
यया (yayā) - by which
(pronoun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Refers to vācā
अस्य (asya) - another person (of him/her, by this)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this person
Note: Often used impersonally, here indicating 'of someone' or 'by whom'.
उद्विजते (udvijate) - is agitated, trembles, is disturbed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of udvij
Present Tense, Middle Voice
From root vij (to tremble) with prefix ud
Prefix: ud
Root: vij (class 6)
वाचा (vācā) - by speech, with speech
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc
vāc - speech, voice, word
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अलोक्याम् (alokyām) - unwholesome (unwholesome, unacceptable, not to be seen/regarded)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of alokya
alokya - not to be seen, not commendable, unacceptable, unwholesome
Gerundive
Compound: a (neg.) + lokya (commendable, wholesome, to be seen)
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+lokya)
- a – not, un-, without
indeclinable
Negative prefix - lokya – visible, commendable, wholesome, fit for the world
adjective (neuter)
Gerundive
From root lok (to see, perceive)
Root: lok (class 1)
Note: Agrees with tām (vācam understood)
ताम् (tām) - that
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to vācā (speech) implicitly.
उदीरयेत् (udīrayet) - should utter, should speak
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of udīr
Optative Mood, Active Voice
From root īr (to stir, utter) with prefix ud
Prefix: ud
Root: īr (class 1)