मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-123
नामधेयस्य ये के चिदभिवादं न जानते ।
तान प्राज्ञोऽहमिति ब्रूयात स्त्रियः सर्वास्तथैव च ॥१२३॥
तान प्राज्ञोऽहमिति ब्रूयात स्त्रियः सर्वास्तथैव च ॥१२३॥
123. nāmadheyasya ye ke cidabhivādaṁ na jānate ,
tān prājño'hamiti brūyāt striyaḥ sarvāstathaiva ca.
tān prājño'hamiti brūyāt striyaḥ sarvāstathaiva ca.
123.
nāmadheyasya ye ke cit abhivādam na jānate tān
prājñaḥ aham iti brūyāt striyaḥ sarvāḥ tathā eva ca
prājñaḥ aham iti brūyāt striyaḥ sarvāḥ tathā eva ca
123.
Those who do not understand the proper form of salutation with a name, to them, one should say, "I am intelligent (prājñaḥ)"; and similarly, to all women.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नामधेयस्य (nāmadheyasya) - referring to the established form of salutation involving a name (of the proper name, of the designation)
- ये (ye) - those persons who (those who, which)
- के (ke) - some (used with `ye` and `cit` to form an indefinite relative pronoun) (who, which, what (interrogative pronoun))
- चित् (cit) - emphasizes the indefiniteness of "ye ke" (whoever, whichever) (indeed, even, at all (particle for indefiniteness))
- अभिवादम् (abhivādam) - the act or specific form of salutation (salutation, greeting)
- न (na) - negates the verb 'jānate' (not, no)
- जानते (jānate) - they know or understand (the proper form) (they know, they understand)
- तान् (tān) - refers to 'those who do not know' (them, those)
- प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise or knowledgeable person (wise, intelligent, learned)
- अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular pronoun) (I)
- इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech "prājñaḥ aham" (thus, so, marking direct speech)
- ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should say (should say, may say, he would say)
- स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - all women (women)
- सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all women (all, every)
- तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same manner (thus, so, in the same way)
- एव (eva) - emphasizes 'in the same way' (just, merely, indeed, only)
- च (ca) - and (connects 'women' to the previous group) (and, also)
Words meanings and morphology
नामधेयस्य (nāmadheyasya) - referring to the established form of salutation involving a name (of the proper name, of the designation)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of nāmadheya
nāmadheya - proper name, designation, appellation, formal name
Compound of `nāman` (name) + `dheya` (to be placed, to be called)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāman+dheya)
- nāman – name, appellation
noun (neuter) - dheya – to be called, designated, named (Gerundive of dhā)
participle (neuter)
Gerundive
From root `dhā` (to place, hold)
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Refers to the rule or form of salutation.
ये (ye) - those persons who (those who, which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ya
ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
के (ke) - some (used with `ye` and `cit` to form an indefinite relative pronoun) (who, which, what (interrogative pronoun))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kim
kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)
चित् (cit) - emphasizes the indefiniteness of "ye ke" (whoever, whichever) (indeed, even, at all (particle for indefiniteness))
(indeclinable)
अभिवादम् (abhivādam) - the act or specific form of salutation (salutation, greeting)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of abhivāda
abhivāda - salutation, greeting, respectful address
From prefix `abhi-` + root `vad` (to speak)
Prefix: abhi
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Object of 'jānate'.
न (na) - negates the verb 'jānate' (not, no)
(indeclinable)
जानते (jānate) - they know or understand (the proper form) (they know, they understand)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā
Present Indicative
Root `jñā`, `lat`, ātmanepada, 3rd person plural.
Root: jñā (class 9)
तान् (tān) - refers to 'those who do not know' (them, those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Object of 'brūyāt'.
प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise or knowledgeable person (wise, intelligent, learned)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña
prājña - wise, knowing, intelligent, skillful, a wise man
From prefix `pra-` + root `jñā` (to know)
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicate nominative to 'aham'.
अहम् (aham) - I (first person singular pronoun) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I (first person singular pronoun)
Note: Subject of the implied 'asmi'.
इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct speech "prājñaḥ aham" (thus, so, marking direct speech)
(indeclinable)
ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should say (should say, may say, he would say)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū
Optative Mood
Root `brū`, `liṅ`, `parasmaipada`, 3rd person singular.
Root: brū (class 2)
Note: The subject is implicitly 'one' (the person offering salutation).
स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - all women (women)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of strī
strī - woman, female
Note: Refers to all women.
सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all women (all, every)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same manner (thus, so, in the same way)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - emphasizes 'in the same way' (just, merely, indeed, only)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and (connects 'women' to the previous group) (and, also)
(indeclinable)