मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-203
प्रतिवातेऽनुवाते च नासीत गुरुणा सह ।
असंश्रवे चैव गुरोर्न किं चिदपि कीर्तयेत ॥२०३॥
असंश्रवे चैव गुरोर्न किं चिदपि कीर्तयेत ॥२०३॥
203. prativāte'nuvāte ca nāsīta guruṇā saha ,
asaṁśrave caiva gurorna kiṁ cidapi kīrtayet.
asaṁśrave caiva gurorna kiṁ cidapi kīrtayet.
203.
prativāte anuvāte ca na āsīta guruṇā saha
asaṃśrave ca eva guroḥ na kiṃ cit api kīrtayeta
asaṃśrave ca eva guroḥ na kiṃ cit api kīrtayeta
203.
One should not sit with one's (guru) either against the wind (facing it) or with the wind (downwind). Moreover, out of the (guru)'s hearing, one should not mention or utter anything at all.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रतिवाते (prativāte) - (sitting) against the wind (in front of the wind, against the wind)
- अनुवाते (anuvāte) - (sitting) with the wind (downwind) (with the wind, downwind)
- च (ca) - either...or... (connecting prativāte and anuvāte) (and, also)
- न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
- आसीत (āsīta) - should sit
- गुरुणा (guruṇā) - with the (guru) (by the (guru), with the (guru))
- सह (saha) - with (with, together with)
- असंश्रवे (asaṁśrave) - out of the (guru)'s earshot (out of hearing, not within earshot)
- च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also, moreover)
- एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, just, even)
- गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the (guru) (associated with asaṃśrave) (of the (guru), from the (guru))
- न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
- किं चित् (kiṁ cit) - anything (anything, something)
- अपि (api) - at all (emphatic) (even, also, and)
- कीर्तयेत (kīrtayeta) - should mention or utter (should mention, should utter, should declare)
Words meanings and morphology
प्रतिवाते (prativāte) - (sitting) against the wind (in front of the wind, against the wind)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of prativāta
prativāta - adverse wind, contrary wind, against the wind
From prati (against) + vāta (wind).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+vāta)
- prati – against, towards, in return
indeclinable - vāta – wind, air
noun (masculine)
Root: vā (class 2)
अनुवाते (anuvāte) - (sitting) with the wind (downwind) (with the wind, downwind)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of anuvāta
anuvāta - following the wind, favourable wind, downwind
From anu (along, after) + vāta (wind).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (anu+vāta)
- anu – after, along, according to
indeclinable - vāta – wind, air
noun (masculine)
Root: vā (class 2)
च (ca) - either...or... (connecting prativāte and anuvāte) (and, also)
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
(indeclinable)
आसीत (āsīta) - should sit
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ās
Optative 3rd person singular, active voice.
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: The implied subject is a student.
गुरुणा (guruṇā) - with the (guru) (by the (guru), with the (guru))
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
Note: Used with saha to mean 'with the (guru)'.
सह (saha) - with (with, together with)
(indeclinable)
असंश्रवे (asaṁśrave) - out of the (guru)'s earshot (out of hearing, not within earshot)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of asaṃśrava
asaṁśrava - out of hearing, not within earshot, absence of sound
Negative prefix a + saṃśrava (hearing, listening).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃśrava)
- a – not, non
indeclinable
Negative prefix - saṃśrava – hearing, listening, sound
noun (masculine)
From sam + śru
Prefix: sam
Root: śru (class 1)
च (ca) - and, moreover (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, just, even)
(indeclinable)
गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the (guru) (associated with asaṃśrave) (of the (guru), from the (guru))
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
न (na) - not (not, no, nor)
(indeclinable)
किं चित् (kiṁ cit) - anything (anything, something)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of kiṃ cit
kiṁ cit - anything, something
Indeclinable form often used adverbially or as indefinite pronoun.
अपि (api) - at all (emphatic) (even, also, and)
(indeclinable)
Note: Often used with na and kiṃ cit to emphasize 'not anything at all'.
कीर्तयेत (kīrtayeta) - should mention or utter (should mention, should utter, should declare)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kīrt
Causative
Optative 3rd person singular, active voice.
Root: kṛt (class 10)
Note: The implied subject is a student.