मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-39
अत ऊर्ध्वं त्रयोऽप्येते यथाकालमसंस्कृताः ।
सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या भवन्त्यार्यविगर्हिताः ॥३९॥
सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या भवन्त्यार्यविगर्हिताः ॥३९॥
39. ata ūrdhvaṁ trayo'pyete yathākālamasaṁskṛtāḥ ,
sāvitrīpatitā vrātyā bhavantyāryavigarhitāḥ.
sāvitrīpatitā vrātyā bhavantyāryavigarhitāḥ.
39.
ataḥ ūrdhvam trayaḥ api ete yathākālam asaṃskṛtāḥ
sāvitrīpatitāḥ vrātyāḥ bhavanti āryavigarhitāḥ
sāvitrīpatitāḥ vrātyāḥ bhavanti āryavigarhitāḥ
39.
ataḥ ūrdhvam yathākālam asaṃskṛtāḥ ete trayaḥ api
sāvitrīpatitāḥ vrātyāḥ ca āryavigarhitāḥ bhavanti
sāvitrīpatitāḥ vrātyāḥ ca āryavigarhitāḥ bhavanti
39.
Thereafter, these three (varnas), if not given the initiation (saṃskāra) at the appointed time, become 'fallen from Sāvitrī' and are considered outcasts (vrātyāḥ), condemned by noble persons.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this
- ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - beyond these age limits (upwards, above, beyond, afterwards)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - the three varnas (brahmin, kshatriya, vaiśya) (three)
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- एते (ete) - these three varnas (these)
- यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the prescribed time for initiation (at the proper time, according to time)
- असंस्कृताः (asaṁskṛtāḥ) - uninitiated, unsanctified, not purified
- सावित्रीपतिताः (sāvitrīpatitāḥ) - fallen from the Sāvitrī (initiation)
- व्रात्याः (vrātyāḥ) - outcasts, those who have not undergone the initiation (saṃskāra)
- भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are
- आर्यविगर्हिताः (āryavigarhitāḥ) - condemned by the noble ones, shunned by respectable people
Words meanings and morphology
अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this
(indeclinable)
ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - beyond these age limits (upwards, above, beyond, afterwards)
(indeclinable)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - the three varnas (brahmin, kshatriya, vaiśya) (three)
(numeral adjective)
Note: Refers to the three varnas mentioned in the previous verse.
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
एते (ete) - these three varnas (these)
(demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Refers to the three varnas.
यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the prescribed time for initiation (at the proper time, according to time)
(indeclinable)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kālam)
- yathā – as, like, according to
indeclinable - kāla – time, season
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to the prescribed age limits for initiation.
असंस्कृताः (asaṁskṛtāḥ) - uninitiated, unsanctified, not purified
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of asaṃskṛta
asaṁskṛta - uninitiated, unsanctified, not purified
Past Passive Participle (negative)
Derived from saṃskṛta (perfectly formed, consecrated, initiated) with negative prefix 'a-'.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+saṃskṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - saṃskṛta – prepared, refined, consecrated, initiated, adorned
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Root kṛ with prefix sam.
Prefix: sam
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to those who have not received the (saṃskāra) initiation.
सावित्रीपतिताः (sāvitrīpatitāḥ) - fallen from the Sāvitrī (initiation)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sāvitrīpatita
sāvitrīpatita - fallen from the Sāvitrī (initiation)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāvitrī+patita)
- sāvitrī – the Sāvitrī mantra, initiation ceremony
noun (feminine) - patita – fallen, degraded
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root pat (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Describes those who missed their initiation window.
व्रात्याः (vrātyāḥ) - outcasts, those who have not undergone the initiation (saṃskāra)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vrātya
vrātya - one who has not undergone the saṃskāra (initiation ritual); an outcast; one who lives a wandering life
भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Present tense, active voice
Root: bhū (class 1)
आर्यविगर्हिताः (āryavigarhitāḥ) - condemned by the noble ones, shunned by respectable people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āryavigarhita
āryavigarhita - condemned by the noble ones, shunned by respectable people
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārya+vigarhita)
- ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan, a noble person
adjective (masculine) - vigarhita – reproached, blamed, censured
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root garh (to blame, reprove) with prefix vi-.
Prefix: vi
Root: garh (class 1)