मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-168
योऽनधीत्य द्विजो वेदमन्यत्र कुरुते श्रमम ।
स जीवन्नेव शूद्रत्वमाशु गच्छति सान्वयः ॥१६८॥
स जीवन्नेव शूद्रत्वमाशु गच्छति सान्वयः ॥१६८॥
168. yo'nadhītya dvijo vedamanyatra kurute śramam ,
sa jīvanneva śūdratvamāśu gacchati sānvayaḥ.
sa jīvanneva śūdratvamāśu gacchati sānvayaḥ.
168.
yaḥ anadhītya dvijaḥ vedam anyatra kurute śramam
| saḥ jīvan eva śūdratvam āśu gacchati sānvayaḥ
| saḥ jīvan eva śūdratvam āśu gacchati sānvayaḥ
168.
yaḥ dvijaḥ vedam anadhītya anyatra śramam kurute
saḥ sānvayaḥ jīvan eva āśu śūdratvam gacchati
saḥ sānvayaḥ jīvan eva āśu śūdratvam gacchati
168.
That brahmin (dvija) who, without having studied the Veda, applies his effort elsewhere, he, while still living, quickly attains the state of a śūdra (śūdratva) along with his descendants.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- अनधीत्य (anadhītya) - without having studied, without learning
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (a twice-born)
- वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
- अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place or matter
- कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes
- श्रमम् (śramam) - effort, toil, labor, fatigue
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
- जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living, alive
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- शूद्रत्वम् (śūdratvam) - the state of a śūdra, śūdra-hood
- आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately
- गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, attains, reaches
- सान्वयः (sānvayaḥ) - with descendants, along with his family
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
अनधीत्य (anadhītya) - without having studied, without learning
(indeclinable)
indeclinable participle (gerund/absolutive)
derived from negation 'an' + adhi + root 'i' (to go, to learn)
Prefixes: an+adhi
Root: i (class 2)
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a brahmin (a twice-born)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya; also a bird, a tooth)
derived from jan (to be born) with prefix dvi (twice)
Root: jan (class 4)
वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda, sacred knowledge
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - sacred knowledge, Veda
derived from root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place or matter
(indeclinable)
derived from anya (other) + -tra suffix
कुरुते (kurute) - does, performs, makes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
श्रमम् (śramam) - effort, toil, labor, fatigue
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śrama
śrama - effort, toil, labor, fatigue
Root: śram (class 4)
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living, alive
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat
jīvat - living, alive
present active participle
derived from root jīv (to live)
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: agrees with saḥ
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
शूद्रत्वम् (śūdratvam) - the state of a śūdra, śūdra-hood
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śūdratva
śūdratva - the state or condition of being a śūdra
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+tva)
- śūdra – member of the fourth varna, a laborer
noun (masculine) - tva – suffix denoting state, condition, quality
suffix (neuter)
आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately
(indeclinable)
गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, attains, reaches
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Root: gam (class 1)
सान्वयः (sānvayaḥ) - with descendants, along with his family
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sānvaya
sānvaya - with descendants, having a lineage, along with one's family
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anvaya)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable - anvaya – lineage, race, family, descendants
noun (masculine)
Note: agrees with saḥ