मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-2, verse-154
न हायनैर्न पलितैर्न वित्तेन न बन्धुभिः ।
ऋषयश्चक्रिरे धर्मं योऽनूचानः स नो महान ॥१५४॥
ऋषयश्चक्रिरे धर्मं योऽनूचानः स नो महान ॥१५४॥
154. na hāyanairna palitairna vittena na bandhubhiḥ ,
ṛṣayaścakrire dharmaṁ yo'nūcānaḥ sa no mahān.
ṛṣayaścakrire dharmaṁ yo'nūcānaḥ sa no mahān.
154.
na hāyanaiḥ na palitaiḥ na vittena na bandhubhiḥ
ṛṣayaḥ cakrire dharmam yaḥ anūcānaḥ saḥ naḥ mahān
ṛṣayaḥ cakrire dharmam yaḥ anūcānaḥ saḥ naḥ mahān
154.
The sages established the constitution (dharma) for greatness: it is not by years, nor by gray hairs, nor by wealth, nor by relatives. Rather, he who is learned in the scriptures is truly great to us.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years, by ages
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by gray hairs, by old age
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by riches
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen
- ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers
- चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the standard/rule for determining greatness (natural law, constitution, rule, righteousness, duty)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - well-versed in Vedic scriptures (learned, well-versed (especially in Vedas), traditional scholar)
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
- नः (naḥ) - to us, our, by us
- महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years, by ages
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of hāyana
hāyana - year, age, a young animal
Root: hā (class 3)
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by gray hairs, by old age
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of palita
palita - gray-haired, aged, grayness of hair
Derived from root pal- 'to be gray, to become old'
Root: pal (class 1)
Note: Used substantively here meaning 'by gray hairs'.
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by riches
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of vitta
vitta - found, obtained, wealth, property, riches
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vid- 'to find, obtain'
Root: vid (class 2)
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu
bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend, connection
Root: bandh (class 9)
ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi
ṛṣi - seer, sage, inspired poet, Vedic singer
चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ
Perfect Middle
Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice
Root: kṛ (class 8)
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the standard/rule for determining greatness (natural law, constitution, rule, righteousness, duty)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom, religion, quality
Derived from root dhṛ- 'to uphold, support'
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Bracketed term in translation.
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Relative pronoun.
अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - well-versed in Vedic scriptures (learned, well-versed (especially in Vedas), traditional scholar)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anūcāna
anūcāna - learned, well-versed, one who has recited the Veda after his teacher
Past Passive Participle (secondary formation)
Formed from anu + vac, meaning 'one who has studied and repeated the Veda'
Prefix: anu
Root: vac (class 2)
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - he, she, it, that
Note: Demonstrative pronoun used anaphorically.
नः (naḥ) - to us, our, by us
(pronoun)
plural of asmad
asmad - I, we
Note: Here used in the sense of 'to us' or 'in our eyes'.
महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat
mahat - great, large, mighty, important
Note: Strong stem form of mahat.